Tarlo Susan M
University Health Network and Gage Occupational and Environmental Health Unit, University of Toronto, Toronto Western Hospital EW7-449, 399 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada.
Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2007 Jan;85(1):167-72. doi: 10.1139/y06-079.
Occupational asthma continues to be one of the most common occupational lung diseases in industrialized areas. Primary and secondary preventive measures have been well described, but there are relatively few studies to support the effectiveness of such measures, although the benefits of tertiary measures such as early recognition and removal from further exposure to a causative sensitizing agent are well recognized. In Ontario, a combined approach of preventive measures has shown effectiveness in allergy and asthma from occupational exposure to natural rubber latex. In addition, a program to reduce exposure to diisocyanates and introduce medical surveillance was associated with earlier diagnosis and fewer cases in a compensation population. However there remain barriers to the early diagnosis of occupational asthma in Ontario, especially in workers of lower education and lower income. In addition, there is recognized need for further physician education to allow early suspicion and diagnosis of occupational asthma.
职业性哮喘仍然是工业化地区最常见的职业性肺病之一。一级和二级预防措施已有详尽描述，但支持这些措施有效性的研究相对较少，不过三级措施（如早期识别并避免进一步接触致敏致病因子）的益处已得到充分认可。在安大略省，预防措施的综合应用已显示出对职业性接触天然橡胶乳胶所致过敏和哮喘的防治效果。此外，一项减少二异氰酸酯接触并引入医学监测的计划，与补偿人群中更早的诊断和更少的病例相关。然而，在安大略省，职业性哮喘的早期诊断仍存在障碍，尤其是在教育程度较低和收入较低的工人中。此外，人们认识到需要进一步对医生进行教育，以便早期怀疑和诊断职业性哮喘。
