Nowak R, Keller M, Val-Laillet D, Lévy F
Equipe Comportement, Neurobiologie, Adaptation, INRA UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, CNRS UMR6175, Haras Nationaux, F-37380 Nouzilly, France.
Horm Behav. 2007 Jun;52(1):92-8. doi: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2007.03.021. Epub 2007 Apr 1.
In sheep the onset of maternal responsiveness and the development of the mutual mother-young bond are under the combined influence of hormonal and visceral somatosensory stimulations. These stimuli are provided in the mother by parturition (via steroids and vaginocervical stimulation) and in the neonate by the first suckling episodes (via cholecystokinin and oro-gastro-intestinal stimulation). In addition, each partner relies on specific chemosensory stimulation for reciprocal attraction: amniotic fluids for the mother, colostrum for the young. In the ewe parturition activates several brain structures to respond specifically to sensory cues emanating from the young. The main olfactory bulbs undergo profound neurophysiological changes when exposed to offspring odors at parturition. Additional activations in the hypothalamus - preoptic area - and the amygdala - medial and cortical nuclei - also contribute to maternal responsiveness and memorization of lamb odors. In the neonate, post-ingestive stimulations activate the brain stem via vagal afferents. Like in the ewe, several regions of the hypothalamus and the amygdala respond to colostrum ingestion suggesting common ground for the integrative neural processes involved in early learning and bonding. This leads to rapid visual and auditory recognition in both partners although olfaction remains important in the ewe to display selective nursing. It is concluded that the biological basis for the development of maternal and filial bonding in sheep presents striking similarities.
在绵羊中，母性行为反应的开始以及母婴相互依恋关系的发展受到激素和内脏躯体感觉刺激的共同影响。这些刺激在母羊中由分娩提供（通过类固醇和阴道 - 子宫颈刺激），在新生羔羊中由首次哺乳过程提供（通过胆囊收缩素和口腔 - 胃肠道刺激）。此外，每个个体都依赖特定的化学感觉刺激来相互吸引：母羊依靠羊水，羔羊依靠初乳。在母羊中，分娩会激活几个脑结构，使其对来自羔羊的感觉线索做出特异性反应。分娩时，当主要嗅球暴露于后代气味时会发生深刻的神经生理变化。下丘脑 - 视前区以及杏仁核 - 内侧和皮质核的额外激活也有助于母性行为反应和对羔羊气味的记忆。在新生羔羊中，摄食后的刺激通过迷走神经传入激活脑干。与母羊一样，下丘脑和杏仁核的几个区域对初乳摄入有反应，这表明早期学习和依恋所涉及的整合神经过程有共同基础。这导致双方都能迅速进行视觉和听觉识别，尽管嗅觉在母羊展示选择性哺乳方面仍然很重要。得出的结论是，绵羊中母婴依恋关系发展的生物学基础存在显著相似之处。
