Drake Thomas A, Braun Jonathan, Marchevsky Alberto, Kohane Isaac S, Fletcher Christopher, Chueh Henry, Beckwith Bruce, Berkowicz David, Kuo Frank, Zeng Qing T, Balis Ulysses, Holzbach Ana, McMurry Andrew, Gee Connie E, McDonald Clement J, Schadow Gunther, Davis Mary, Hattab Eyas M, Blevins Lonnie, Hook John, Becich Michael, Crowley Rebecca S, Taube Sheila E, Berman Jules
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA Medical Center, avid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
Hum Pathol. 2007 Aug;38(8):1212-25. doi: 10.1016/j.humpath.2007.01.007. Epub 2007 May 8.
This report presents an overview for pathologists of the development and potential applications of a novel Web enabled system allowing indexing and retrieval of pathology specimens across multiple institutions. The system was developed through the National Cancer Institute's Shared Pathology Informatics Network program with the goal of creating a prototype system to find existing pathology specimens derived from routine surgical and autopsy procedures ("paraffin blocks") that may be relevant to cancer research. To reach this goal, a number of challenges needed to be met. A central aspect was the development of an informatics system that supported Web-based searching while retaining local control of data. Additional aspects included the development of an eXtensible Markup Language schema, representation of tissue specimen annotation, methods for deidentifying pathology reports, tools for autocoding critical data from these reports using the Unified Medical Language System, and hierarchies of confidentiality and consent that met or exceeded federal requirements. The prototype system supported Web-based querying of millions of pathology reports from 6 participating institutions across the country in a matter of seconds to minutes and the ability of bona fide researchers to identify and potentially to request specific paraffin blocks from the participating institutions. With the addition of associated clinical and outcome information, this system could vastly expand the pool of annotated tissues available for cancer research as well as other diseases.
本报告为病理学家概述了一种新型的基于网络的系统的开发情况及其潜在应用，该系统能够对多个机构的病理标本进行索引和检索。该系统是通过美国国立癌症研究所的共享病理信息学网络计划开发的，目标是创建一个原型系统，以查找源自常规手术和尸检程序的现有病理标本（“石蜡块”），这些标本可能与癌症研究相关。为实现这一目标，需要应对诸多挑战。一个核心方面是开发一个支持基于网络搜索同时保留数据本地控制权的信息学系统。其他方面包括可扩展标记语言模式的开发、组织标本注释的表示、对病理报告进行去识别化处理的方法、使用统一医学语言系统对这些报告中的关键数据进行自动编码的工具，以及符合或超越联邦要求的保密和同意层级。该原型系统支持在数秒到数分钟内对来自全国6个参与机构的数百万份病理报告进行基于网络的查询，并且真正的研究人员能够识别并有可能从参与机构请求特定的石蜡块。加上相关的临床和结果信息，该系统可以极大地扩展可用于癌症研究以及其他疾病的注释组织库。
