Alexander Dennis J
Virology Department, Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Weybridge, Addlestone, Surrey, United Kingdom.
Avian Dis. 2007 Mar;51(1 Suppl):161-6. doi: 10.1637/7602-041306R.1.
Between December 2003 and January 2004 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 infections of poultry were declared in China, Japan, South Korea, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, and Indonesia. In 2004 an outbreak was reported in Malaysia. In 2005 H5N1 outbreaks were recorded in poultry in Russia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Romania, Turkey, and Ukraine, and virus was isolated from swans in Croatia. In 2004 HPAI H5N1 virus was isolated from smuggled eagles detected at the Brussels Airport and in 2005 imported caged birds held in quarantine in England. In 2006 HPAI was reported in poultry in Iraq, India, Azerbaijan, Pakistan, Myanmar, Afghanistan, and Israel in Asia; Albania, France, and Sweden in Europe; and Nigeria, Cameroon, and Niger in Africa; as well as in wild birds in some 24 countries across Asia and Europe. In 2003, over 25,000,000 birds were slaughtered because of 241 outbreaks of HPAI caused by virus of H7N7 subtype in the Netherlands. The virus spread into Belgium (eight outbreaks) and Germany (one outbreak). HPAI H5N2 virus was responsible for outbreaks in ostriches in South Africa during 2005. HPAI H7N3 virus was isolated in Pakistan in 2004. Low-pathogenicity avian influenza (LPAI) H5 or H7 viruses were isolated from poultry in Italy (H7N3 2002-2003; H5N2 2005), The Netherlands (H7N3 2002), France (H5N2 2003), Denmark (H5N7 2003), Taiwan (H5N2 2004), and Japan (H5N2 2005). Many isolations of LPAI viruses of other subtypes were reported from domestic and wild birds. Infections with H9N2 subtype viruses have been widespread across Asia during 2002-06.
2003年12月至2004年1月期间，中国、日本、韩国、老挝、泰国、柬埔寨、越南和印度尼西亚均宣布发生了家禽高致病性禽流感（HPAI）H5N1感染疫情。2004年，马来西亚报告发生了疫情。2005年，俄罗斯、哈萨克斯坦、蒙古、罗马尼亚、土耳其和乌克兰的家禽中记录到H5N1疫情，克罗地亚的天鹅体内分离出了病毒。2004年，在布鲁塞尔机场查获的走私鹰体内分离出HPAI H5N1病毒，2005年，在英国检疫的进口笼养鸟类中也分离出该病毒。2006年，亚洲的伊拉克、印度、阿塞拜疆、巴基斯坦、缅甸、阿富汗和以色列；欧洲的阿尔巴尼亚、法国和瑞典；非洲的尼日利亚、喀麦隆和尼日尔的家禽中均报告发生了HPAI疫情，亚洲和欧洲约24个国家的野生鸟类中也出现了疫情。2003年，荷兰因H7N7亚型病毒引起的241起HPAI疫情，宰杀了超过2500万只家禽。病毒传播到了比利时（8起疫情）和德国（1起疫情）。2005年，HPAI H5N2病毒导致南非鸵鸟发生疫情。2004年，在巴基斯坦分离出HPAI H7N3病毒。在意大利（2002 - 2003年H7N3；2005年H5N2）、荷兰（2002年H7N3）、法国（2003年H5N2）、丹麦（2003年H5N7）、台湾（2004年H5N2）和日本（2005年H5N2）的家禽中分离出低致病性禽流感（LPAI）H5或H7病毒。从家养和野生鸟类中报告了许多其他亚型LPAI病毒的分离情况。2002年至2006年期间，H9N2亚型病毒感染在亚洲广泛传播。
