Rosatte Rick, MacDonald Erin, Sobey Kirk, Donovan Dennis, Bruce Laura, Allan Mike, Silver Andrew, Bennett Kim, Brown Lucy, Macdonald Kathryn, Gibson Mark, Buchanan Tore, Stevenson Bev, Davies Chris, Wandeler Alex, Muldoon Frances
Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Rabies Research and Development Unit, Trent University, DNA Building, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada.
J Wildl Dis. 2007 Apr;43(2):242-50. doi: 10.7589/0090-3558-43.2.242.
During 1996 to 1998, an average of 52% to 55% of the raccoon (Procyon lotor) population on Wolfe Island, Ontario was vaccinated against rabies during proactive trap-vaccinate-release (TVR) operations. However, during 1999, the percent of the population vaccinated declined to 39% and an outbreak (6 cases) of raccoon rabies occurred on the island from December 1999 to January 2000. The raccoon population on Wolfe Island declined dramatically (71% reduction) from 1,067 raccoons (mean density = 8.4/km(2) [6.4-12.4, 95% CI]) during 1999 to 305 raccoons (mean density = 2.4/km(2) [0.87-4.1, 95% CI]) in the spring of 2000. Raccoon density immediately following the outbreak was significantly lower in cells with rabies cases, suggesting that rabies had a negative effect on population size. However, raccoon density had doubled by 1 yr following the outbreak. Movement of raccoons on Wolfe Island was as great as 24 km. Male raccoons moved greater distances than females. Movements to surrounding islands were also noted for raccoons ear tagged on Wolfe Island which indicates the island could serve as a focus for greater geographic rabies spread. Point infection control (PIC) during 2000, TVR during 2001-02, and the aerial distribution of Vaccinia-Rabies Glycoprotein (V-RG) baits during 2000 and 2003-05 were used to eliminate rabies from Wolfe Island. No cases have been detected since late January 2000 (to February 2007).
在1996年至1998年期间，安大略省沃尔夫岛的浣熊（北美浣熊）种群平均有52%至55%在主动诱捕-疫苗接种-放归（TVR）行动中接种了狂犬病疫苗。然而，在1999年，接种疫苗的种群比例降至39%，1999年12月至2000年1月该岛上发生了浣熊狂犬病疫情（6例）。沃尔夫岛的浣熊种群数量从1999年的1067只（平均密度 = 8.4/平方公里[6.4 - 12.4，95%置信区间]）急剧下降（减少71%），到2000年春季降至305只（平均密度 = 2.4/平方公里[0.87 - 4.1，95%置信区间]）。疫情爆发后，有狂犬病病例的区域浣熊密度立即显著降低，这表明狂犬病对种群数量有负面影响。然而，疫情爆发后1年，浣熊密度增加了一倍。沃尔夫岛上浣熊的活动范围可达24公里。雄性浣熊比雌性浣熊移动的距离更远。在沃尔夫岛佩戴耳标的浣熊也被发现移动到了周边岛屿，这表明该岛可能成为狂犬病在更大地理区域传播的一个源头。2000年采用点感染控制（PIC）、2001 - 2002年采用TVR以及2000年和2003 - 2005年采用痘苗狂犬病糖蛋白（V - RG）诱饵的空中投放来消灭沃尔夫岛上的狂犬病。自2000年1月下旬（至2007年2月）以来未检测到病例。
