Rosatte Rick, Sobey Kirk, Donovan Dennis, Bruce Laura, Allan Mike, Silver Andrew, Bennett Kim, Gibson Mark, Simpson Holly, Davies Chris, Wandeler Alex, Muldoon Frances
Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Rabies Research and Development Unit, Trent University, Science Complex, PO Box 4840, Peterborough, Ontario K9J 8N8, Canada.
J Wildl Dis. 2006 Jul;42(3):589-605. doi: 10.7589/0090-3558-42.3.589.
During 1999-2003, 127 cases of raccoon variant rabies were reported in raccoons (Procyon lotor) and striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis) in Ontario, Canada. Raccoons accounted for 98% (125/127) of the reported cases with behaviors/conditions including aggression, fighting with dogs, ataxia, vocalizations, appearance of being sick, and the presence of porcupine (Erethizon dorsatum) quills. Seventy-eight percent of the rabid raccoons were adults. Juveniles were underrepresented (22%) compared with the adult/juvenile ratios found in nonrabid Ontario raccoon populations. Of the known aged raccoons, 83% were < or = 3 yr of age, and 22% of the rabid adult female raccoons had evidence of having had a litter during the year in which they were found to be rabid. The majority of rabid raccoons were reported during the fall, winter, and spring, suggesting a relationship between raccoon behavioral activities such as denning and breeding and the timing of rabies outbreaks. Multiple cases of raccoon rabies occurred at several barns, suggesting that those structures serve as focal points of rabies transmission as a result of denning activities. Movements of five rabid raccoons (range 1,564-4,143 m) were not different from movements of nonrabid raccoons in Ontario. Sixty-six percent of the rabid animals were submitted by government staff, stressing the importance of those agencies in rabies control and surveillance operations. Increased knowledge of the behaviors of rabid raccoons should assist in the development of management strategies for rabies.
1999年至2003年期间，加拿大安大略省报告了127例浣熊变种狂犬病病例，患病动物为浣熊（北美浣熊）和条纹臭鼬。在报告的病例中，98%（125/127）为浣熊，其行为/状况包括攻击性、与狗打架、共济失调、发声、病态表现以及身上有豪猪（帚尾豪猪）的刺。78%的患狂犬病浣熊为成年浣熊。与安大略省未感染狂犬病的浣熊种群中的成年/幼年比例相比，幼年浣熊所占比例较低（22%）。在已知年龄的浣熊中，83%年龄小于或等于3岁，22%的成年雌性患狂犬病浣熊在被发现患狂犬病的当年有产仔迹象。大多数患狂犬病的浣熊在秋季、冬季和春季被报告，这表明浣熊的筑巢和繁殖等行为活动与狂犬病爆发时间之间存在关联。在几个谷仓发生了多起浣熊狂犬病病例，这表明由于筑巢活动，这些建筑成为了狂犬病传播的焦点。5只患狂犬病浣熊的移动距离（范围为1564 - 4143米）与安大略省未感染狂犬病的浣熊的移动距离没有差异。66%的患病动物由政府工作人员提交，这凸显了这些机构在狂犬病控制和监测行动中的重要性。对患狂犬病浣熊行为的更多了解应有助于制定狂犬病管理策略。
