Blanke Olaf
Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, and Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland.
Front Neurol Neurosci. 2007;22:14-29. doi: 10.1159/000102822.
Human bodily experience is characterized by the immediate feeling that our body is localized at a certain position in space and that the self is localized within these body borders (embodiment). Recent research from cognitive neuroscience and neurology suggests that embodiment is of major importance for neuroscientific models of self and self-consciousness. This is suggested by illusory own body perceptions (such as autoscopic hallucinations, heautoscopy, and out-of-body experiences) during which the self may be experienced as being localized outside one's body borders. I have previously argued that self-portraiture may rely on similar brain mechanisms and have proposed a classification of self-portraiture based on neurological classifications of illusory own body perceptions. Here I extend this model focussing on three types of self-portraits: visual self-portraits, disembodied self-portraits, and corporeal self-portraits. This is followed by a discussion of visuospatial, linguistic, and mnestic mechanisms in self-portraiture that are examined in selected painters.
人类的身体体验具有这样一种直接感受，即我们的身体位于空间中的某个特定位置，且自我位于这些身体边界之内（具身化）。认知神经科学和神经学的最新研究表明，具身化对于自我和自我意识的神经科学模型至关重要。这一点在虚幻的自身身体感知（如自体幻觉、自窥症和体外体验）中得到了体现，在此类体验中，自我可能会被体验为位于身体边界之外。我之前曾提出，自画像可能依赖于类似的大脑机制，并基于虚幻自身身体感知的神经学分类提出了一种自画像分类法。在此，我扩展了该模型，重点关注三种类型的自画像：视觉自画像、脱离实体的自画像和具身自画像。接下来将讨论自画像中的视觉空间、语言和记忆机制，这些机制在选定的画家中得到了研究。
