Middleton D J, Morrissy C J, van der Heide B M, Russell G M, Braun M A, Westbury H A, Halpin K, Daniels P W
Australian Animal Health Laboratory, CSIRO Livestock Industries PB 24, Geelong 3220, Victoria, Australia.
J Comp Pathol. 2007 May;136(4):266-72. doi: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2007.03.002.
Seventeen grey-headed fruit bats (Pteropus poliocephalus) were inoculated subcutaneously with an isolate of Nipah virus derived from a fatally infected human. A control group of eight guinea-pigs was inoculated intraperitoneally with the same isolate in order to confirm virulence. Three of eight infected guinea-pigs developed clinical signs 7-9 days post-inoculation. Infected fruit bats developed a subclinical infection characterized by the transient presence of virus within selected viscera, episodic viral excretion and seroconversion. A range of histopathological changes was observed within the tissues of infected bats. Nipah virus was excreted in bat urine while neutralizing antibody was present in serum. This intermittent, low-level excretion of Nipah virus in the urine of bats may be sufficient to sustain the net reproductive value of the virus in a species where there is regular urine contamination of the fur, mutual grooming, and where urine droplets are a feature of the environment.
将17只灰头狐蝠（Pteropus poliocephalus）皮下接种从一名致命感染人类中分离出的尼帕病毒毒株。为确认毒力，将一组8只豚鼠腹腔接种同一毒株。8只受感染的豚鼠中有3只在接种后7 - 9天出现临床症状。受感染的狐蝠出现亚临床感染，其特征为特定内脏中短暂存在病毒、间歇性病毒排泄和血清转化。在受感染蝙蝠的组织中观察到一系列组织病理学变化。尼帕病毒在蝙蝠尿液中排泄，而血清中存在中和抗体。在一个皮毛经常被尿液污染、存在相互梳理行为且尿液飞沫是环境特征之一的物种中，蝙蝠尿液中这种间歇性、低水平的尼帕病毒排泄可能足以维持该病毒的净繁殖值。
