Deniau J M, Mailly P, Maurice N, Charpier S
Dynamique et Physiopathologie des Réseaux Neuronaux, INSERM U667, UPMC, Collège de France, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France.
Prog Brain Res. 2007;160:151-72. doi: 10.1016/S0079-6123(06)60009-5.
Together with the internal segment of the globus pallidus (GP(i)), the pars reticulata of the substantia nigra (SNr) provides a main output nucleus of the basal ganglia (BG) where the final stage of information processing within this system takes place. In the last decade, progress on the anatomical organization and functional properties of BG output neurons have shed some light on the mechanisms of integration taking place in these nuclei and leading to normal and pathological BG outflow. In this review focused on the SNr, after describing how the anatomical arrangement of nigral cells and their afferents determines specific input-output registers, we examine how the basic electrophysiological properties of the cells and their interaction with synaptic inputs contribute to the spatio-temporal shaping of BG output. The reported data show that the intrinsic membrane properties of the neurons subserves a tonic discharge allowing BG to gate the transmission of information to motor and cognitive systems thereby contributing to appropriate selection of behavior.
黑质网状部（SNr）与苍白球内侧部（GP(i)）一起，构成基底神经节（BG）的主要输出核，该系统内信息处理的最后阶段在此发生。在过去十年中，关于BG输出神经元的解剖组织和功能特性的研究进展，为这些核团中发生的整合机制以及导致正常和病理性BG流出的机制提供了一些线索。在这篇聚焦于SNr的综述中，在描述了黑质细胞及其传入神经的解剖排列如何决定特定的输入-输出记录之后，我们研究了细胞的基本电生理特性及其与突触输入的相互作用如何有助于BG输出的时空塑造。所报告的数据表明，神经元的内在膜特性维持着紧张性放电，使BG能够控制信息向运动和认知系统的传递，从而有助于行为的适当选择。
