在印度一个农村地区通过每年开展口服脊髓灰质炎病毒疫苗免疫运动来控制脊髓灰质炎

Poliomyelitis control by annual immunization campaigns with oral polio-virus vaccine in a rural area of India.

作者信息

Kumar R, Kumar V

机构信息

Department of Community Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.

出版信息

Trop Geogr Med. 1991 Jan-Apr;43(1-2):215-9.

PMID:1750118

Abstract

The effectiveness of Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV) delivered in annual immunization campaigns in reducing the prevalence of poliomyelitis was evaluated in January 1989 by conducting a sample survey in 66 villages in Northern India with a population of 42,000. The prevalence of residual paralytic poliomyelitis was 13.4 per 1,000 children born during 1974-1978; this is 2.7 times higher than the rate of 5.0 per 1,000 born in 1979-1983 and 9.6 times higher than the rate of 1.4 per 1,000 born during 1984-1988. The marked decline in disease prevalence in recent years may be related to the rise in OPV immunization. The vaccination rate was less than 26% before 1978, 38-75% during 1979-1983 and 77-89% during 1984-1987. The annual immunization strategy can be used to control poliomyelitis in developing countries where the health care infrastructure is not well developed.

摘要

1989年1月，通过对印度北部66个村庄、4.2万人口进行抽样调查，评估了在年度免疫活动中口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗（OPV）在降低脊髓灰质炎流行率方面的有效性。1974 - 1978年出生的儿童中，残留麻痹性脊髓灰质炎的流行率为每1000人中有13.4例；这比1979 - 1983年出生儿童每1000人5.0例的发病率高2.7倍，比1984 - 1988年出生儿童每1000人1.4例的发病率高9.6倍。近年来疾病流行率的显著下降可能与OPV免疫接种率的上升有关。1978年以前接种率低于26%，1979 - 1983年期间为38 - 75%，1984 - 1987年期间为77 - 89%。年度免疫策略可用于在医疗保健基础设施欠发达的发展中国家控制脊髓灰质炎。