Banaschewski Tobias, Brandeis Daniel
Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Göttingen, Germany.
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2007 May;48(5):415-35. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01681.x.
Monitoring brain processes in real time requires genuine subsecond resolution to follow the typical timing and frequency of neural events. Non-invasive recordings of electric (EEG/ERP) and magnetic (MEG) fields provide this time resolution. They directly measure neural activations associated with a wide variety of brain states and processes, even during sleep or in infants. Mapping and source estimation can localise these time-varying activation patterns inside the brain.
Recent EEG/ERP research on brain functions in the domains of attention and executive functioning, perception, memory, language, emotion and motor processing in ADHD, autism, childhood-onset schizophrenia, Tourette syndrome, specific language disorder and developmental dyslexia, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and depression is reviewed.
Over the past two decades, electrophysiology has substantially contributed to the understanding of brain functions during normal development, and psychiatric conditions of children and adolescents. Its time resolution has been important to measure covert processes, and to distinguish cause and effect.
In the future, EEG/ERP parameters will increasingly characterise the interplay of neural states and information processing. They are particularly promising tools for multilevel investigations of etiological pathways and potential predictors of clinical treatment response.
实时监测大脑过程需要真正的亚秒级分辨率，以跟踪神经活动的典型时间和频率。电场（脑电图/事件相关电位）和磁场（脑磁图）的无创记录提供了这种时间分辨率。它们直接测量与多种脑状态和过程相关的神经激活，即使在睡眠期间或婴儿期也是如此。映射和源估计可以定位大脑内部这些随时间变化的激活模式。
综述了近期脑电图/事件相关电位在注意缺陷多动障碍、自闭症、儿童期精神分裂症、抽动秽语综合征、特定语言障碍和发育性阅读障碍、焦虑症、强迫症和抑郁症的注意和执行功能、感知、记忆、语言、情感和运动处理等领域大脑功能研究。
在过去二十年中，电生理学对理解正常发育过程中以及儿童和青少年精神疾病状态下的大脑功能做出了重大贡献。其时间分辨率对于测量隐蔽过程以及区分因果关系非常重要。
未来，脑电图/事件相关电位参数将越来越多地描述神经状态与信息处理之间的相互作用。它们是病因途径多级研究以及临床治疗反应潜在预测指标的特别有前景的工具。
