Tiainen K, Pajala S, Sipilä S, Kaprio J, Koskenvuo M, Alén M, Heikkinen E, Tolvanen A, Rantanen T
The Finnish Centre for Interdisciplinary Gerontology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2007 Jun;17(3):274-80. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2006.00553.x.
The purpose was to examine whether maximal walking speed, maximal isometric knee extensor strength, and leg extensor power share genetic or environmental effects in common. The data was collected from 103 monozygotic and 114 dizygotic female twin pairs aged 63-76 years. Maximal walking speed over 10 m was measured in the laboratory corridor using photocells for timing. Isometric knee extensor strength and leg extensor power were measured using an adjustable dynamometer. The genetic models showed that strength, power, and walking speed had a genetic effect in common which accounted for 52% of the variance in strength, 36% in power, and 34% in walking speed. Strength and power had a non-shared environmental effect in common explaining 13% of variation in strength and 14% in power. The remaining variance was accounted for by trait-specific effects. Some people may be more prone to functional limitation in old age due to their genetic disposition, but this does not rule out that changes in the lifestyle of predisposed subjects may also have a major effect. Approximately half of the variation in each trait was explained by environmental effects, which suggests the importance of the physical activity to improve performance and prevent functional limitation.
目的是研究最大步行速度、最大等长伸膝力量和腿部伸肌力量是否具有共同的遗传或环境效应。数据收集自103对同卵和114对异卵63至76岁的女性双胞胎。在实验室走廊使用光电管计时测量10米的最大步行速度。使用可调测力计测量等长伸膝力量和腿部伸肌力量。遗传模型显示，力量、功率和步行速度具有共同的遗传效应，分别占力量方差的52%、功率方差的36%和步行速度方差的34%。力量和功率具有共同的非共享环境效应，分别解释了力量变化的13%和功率变化的14%。其余方差由特定性状效应解释。一些人可能由于其遗传倾向在老年时更容易出现功能受限，但这并不排除易患个体生活方式的改变也可能产生重大影响。每个性状约一半的变异由环境效应解释，这表明身体活动对改善表现和预防功能受限的重要性。
