Kekäläinen Tiia, Terracciano Antonio, Tirkkonen Anna, Savikangas Tiina, Hänninen Tuomo, Neely Anna Stigsdotter, Sipilä Sarianna, Kokko Katja
Gerontology Research Center and Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
Department of Geriatrics, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.
Pers Individ Dif. 2023 Feb;202. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2022.111957. Epub 2022 Oct 31.
This study investigated whether personality traits moderate the effects of a 12-month physical or combined physical and cognitive training interventions on physical and cognitive functioning. Participants were community-dwelling 70-85-year-old adults (=314). They were randomly assigned to physical training (weekly supervised walking/balance and strength/balance training, home exercises 2-3x/wk and moderate aerobic activity) or to a physical and cognitive training group (the same physical training and computer training on executive functions 3-4x/wk). The outcomes assessed at baseline and post-intervention were physical (maximum gait speed, six-minute walking distance, dual-task cost on gait speed) and cognitive functioning (Stroop, Trail-Making Test-B, verbal fluency, CERAD total score). Personality traits (NEO-PI-3, =239) were assessed post-intervention. Personality traits did not moderate intervention effects on physical functioning. Higher openness was associated with greater improvement in CERAD scores, especially in the physical and cognitive training group (group×time×trait B=-.08, =.038). Lower neuroticism (time×trait B=-.04, =.021) and higher conscientiousness (time×trait B=.04, =.027) were associated with greater improvement in CERAD scores in both groups. Personality traits had mostly null moderating effects across physical and cognitive outcomes, with the possible exception of CERAD score. Individuals with more adaptive personality traits gained more on global cognitive scores during a 12-month training intervention.
本研究调查了人格特质是否会调节为期12个月的体育锻炼或体育与认知相结合的训练干预对身体和认知功能的影响。参与者为居住在社区的70 - 85岁成年人（=314）。他们被随机分配到体育训练组（每周有监督的步行/平衡和力量/平衡训练、每周2 - 3次的家庭锻炼以及适度的有氧运动）或体育与认知训练组（相同的体育训练以及每周3 - 4次的执行功能计算机训练）。在基线和干预后评估的结果包括身体功能（最大步态速度、六分钟步行距离、步态速度的双任务成本）和认知功能（斯特鲁普测试、连线测验B、语言流畅性、CERAD总分）。人格特质（NEO - PI - 3，=239）在干预后进行评估。人格特质并未调节干预对身体功能的影响。较高的开放性与CERAD分数的更大改善相关，尤其是在体育与认知训练组中（组×时间×特质B = -0.08，P = 0.038）。较低的神经质（时间×特质B = -0.04，P = 0.021）和较高的尽责性（时间×特质B = 0.04，P = 0.027）与两组中CERAD分数的更大改善相关。人格特质在身体和认知结果方面大多具有零调节作用，CERAD分数可能是个例外。在为期12个月的训练干预中，具有更适应人格特质的个体在整体认知分数上的提升更多。
