Abdool Karim Salim S, Abdool Karim Quarraisha, Gouws Eleanor, Baxter Cheryl
Centre for the AIDS Program of Research in South Africa-CAPRISA, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X7, Congella, 4013 Durban, South Africa.
Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2007 Mar;21(1):1-17, vii. doi: 10.1016/j.idc.2007.01.010.
Although intravenous drug use is the major route of transmission in several countries, sexual transmission is the dominant mode of HIV spread globally, with a concomitant epidemic in infants borne to HIV-infected mothers. The HIV epidemic varies substantially from one geographic area to another, and three broad epidemic categories describe the diversity of features observed globally: low epidemic settings, centrzated epidemics, and generalized epidemics. The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy in industrialized countries has transformed AIDS from an inevitably fatal condition to a chronic, treatable condition, but this goal has yet to be realized in most resource-constrained settings that bear a disproportionate burden of infection. This article describes the modes of HIV transmission, geographic distribution of the evolving AIDS pandemic, and case studies of each of the three types of HIV epidemics, and presents global trends in AIDS and mortality.
尽管静脉注射吸毒是几个国家的主要传播途径，但性传播是全球艾滋病毒传播的主要方式，同时感染艾滋病毒的母亲所生婴儿中也存在疫情。艾滋病毒疫情在不同地理区域差异很大，全球观察到的特征多样性可分为三大类疫情：低流行地区、集中流行地区和广泛流行地区。在工业化国家引入高效抗逆转录病毒疗法后，艾滋病已从一种必然致命的疾病转变为一种可治疗的慢性病，但在大多数资源有限且感染负担过重的地区，这一目标尚未实现。本文描述了艾滋病毒的传播方式、不断演变的艾滋病大流行的地理分布以及三种艾滋病毒疫情类型的案例研究，并呈现了艾滋病和死亡率的全球趋势。
