Zingg Jean-Marc
Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
Mini Rev Med Chem. 2007 May;7(5):543-58. doi: 10.2174/138955707780619608.
Natural vitamin E comprises 8 different analogues, the alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherols and the alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocotrienols. However, only alpha-tocopherol is selectively enriched by the liver; the other vitamin E analogues and also excess alpha-tocopherol are converted to several metabolites and eliminated. Recently, a novel phosphorylated form of tocopherol, alpha-tocopheryl phosphate, was shown to occur naturally in animal and human tissues as well as in foods. Several synthetic vitamin E derivatives have been synthesized that are either converted by esterases to the natural form, or exert novel or vitamin E related biological activities. During the last years, specific cellular effects for each individual vitamin E analogue have been described that are the consequence of modulating signal transduction and gene expression. These effects possibly reflect specific interactions of each of the vitamin E analogues with enzymes, structural proteins, lipids and transcription factors. In this review, the different natural vitamin E analogues and synthetic derivatives are compiled in relation to their major molecular and cellular activities.
天然维生素E由8种不同的类似物组成，即α-、β-、γ-和δ-生育酚以及α-、β-、γ-和δ-生育三烯酚。然而，只有α-生育酚会被肝脏选择性富集；其他维生素E类似物以及过量的α-生育酚会被转化为多种代谢产物并被清除。最近，一种新型的生育酚磷酸化形式，α-生育酚磷酸酯，被证明天然存在于动物和人体组织以及食物中。已经合成了几种合成维生素E衍生物，它们要么被酯酶转化为天然形式，要么发挥新的或与维生素E相关的生物活性。在过去几年中，已经描述了每种维生素E类似物的特定细胞效应，这些效应是调节信号转导和基因表达的结果。这些效应可能反映了每种维生素E类似物与酶、结构蛋白、脂质和转录因子的特定相互作用。在这篇综述中，不同的天然维生素E类似物和合成衍生物根据它们的主要分子和细胞活性进行了汇总。
