Skledar Susan J, McKaveney Teresa P, Sokos Denise R, Ervin Kelly A, Coldren Megan, Hynicka Lauren, Lavsa Stacey, Reynolds Robert, Beauchamp Ryan
Department of Pharmacy and Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2007 May-Jun;47(3):404-9. doi: 10.1331/JAPhA.2007.06044.
To describe the role of student pharmacist interns in supporting a standing orders program (SOP) for pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccination in hospitalized patients.
University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Presbyterian, an academic teaching hospital in Pittsburgh.
The hospital-based Drug Use and Disease State Management (DUDSM) program designs, implements, and promotes evidence-based practice guidelines to ensure safe and cost-effective drug therapy. PRACTICE INNOVATION/INTERVENTIONS: Paid student pharmacist interns provide manpower for screening and maintaining the vaccination SOP. Student preparation includes classroom learning about immunization concepts, on-site SOP workflow training, and direct patient care activities. Students participate in the vaccination SOP by (1) screening daily admissions through computerized information systems, (2) reviewing databases for documented prior vaccination, (3) completing preprinted orders for pharmacists, (4) inserting orders into patient charts, (5) checking vaccine administration, (6) educating nurses, and (7) managing the databases. Pharmacists verify and sign vaccine orders. Nurses obtain patient history and consent and administer vaccines.
Hospital vaccination rates as determined monthly for quality improvement reporting, and student time required to complete SOP functions.
In 2005, an average monthly vaccination rate of 70% for hospitalized elderly was achieved by this inpatient SOP, with the highest rate (89%) occurring in March. On average, 800 patients were screened each month, with 480 vaccine orders placed into patient charts.
A vaccination SOP is resource-intensive and requires a diligent effort from qualified personnel. In our institution, trained student interns in the DUDSM program perform the necessary daily functions, such as patient screening, that are instrumental in maintaining the SOP.
描述学生药剂实习生在支持住院患者肺炎球菌多糖疫苗接种常备医嘱计划（SOP）中所起的作用。
匹兹堡大学医学中心长老会医院，匹兹堡的一家学术教学医院。
基于医院的药物使用与疾病状态管理（DUDSM）计划设计、实施并推广循证实践指南，以确保安全且具成本效益的药物治疗。
实践创新/干预措施：带薪学生药剂实习生为疫苗接种SOP的筛查和维护提供人力。学生培训包括关于免疫概念的课堂学习、现场SOP工作流程培训以及直接的患者护理活动。学生通过以下方式参与疫苗接种SOP：（1）通过计算机信息系统筛查每日入院患者；（2）查看数据库以了解既往接种记录；（3）为药剂师完成预印医嘱；（4）将医嘱录入患者病历；（5）检查疫苗接种情况；（6）对护士进行教育；（7）管理数据库。药剂师核实并签署疫苗医嘱。护士获取患者病史并征得同意后进行疫苗接种。
每月确定的医院疫苗接种率用于质量改进报告，以及完成SOP职能所需的学生时间。
2005年，该住院患者SOP实现了住院老年人每月平均70%的疫苗接种率，3月份的接种率最高（89%）。平均每月筛查800名患者，向患者病历中录入480条疫苗医嘱。
疫苗接种SOP资源密集，需要合格人员的勤勉努力。在我们机构，DUDSM计划中经过培训的学生实习生执行必要的日常职能，如患者筛查，这对维持SOP至关重要。
