Church Dana, Johnson Sarah, Raman-Wilms Lalitha, Schneider Eric, Waite Nancy, Pearson Sharpe Jane
School of Pharmacy (Church, Johnson, Waite, Pearson-Sharpe), University of Waterloo, Kitchener.
Can Pharm J (Ott). 2016 May;149(3):153-65. doi: 10.1177/1715163516641133. Epub 2016 Apr 6.
Pharmacy students can help protect the public from vaccine-preventable diseases by participating in immunization initiatives, which currently exist in some Canadian and American jurisdictions. The objective of this article is to critically review evidence of student impact on public health through their participation in vaccination efforts.
PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Database, EMBASE, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, Scopus and Web of Science electronic databases were searched for peer-reviewed literature on pharmacy student involvement in vaccination programs and their impact on public health. Papers were included up to November 17, 2015. Two reviewers independently screened titles and abstracts and extracted data from eligible full-text articles.
Eighteen titles met all inclusion criteria. All studies were published between 2000 and 2015, with the majority conducted in the United States (n = 12). The number of vaccine doses administered by students in community-based clinics ranged from 109 to 15,000. Increases in vaccination rates in inpatient facilities ranged from 18.5% to 68%. Across studies, student-led educational interventions improved patient knowledge of vaccines and vaccine-preventable diseases. Patient satisfaction with student immunization services was consistently very high.
Methodology varied considerably across studies. The literature suggests that pharmacy students can improve public health by 1) increasing the number of vaccine doses administered, 2) increasing vaccination rates, 3) increasing capacity of existing vaccination efforts, 4) providing education about vaccines and vaccine-preventable diseases and 5) providing positive immunization experiences.
Opportunities exist across Canada to increase pharmacy student involvement in immunization efforts and to assess the impact of their participation. Greater student involvement in immunization initiatives could boost immunization rates and help protect Canadians from vaccine-preventable diseases.
药学专业学生可通过参与免疫接种计划来帮助公众预防疫苗可预防疾病，目前此类计划在加拿大和美国的一些司法管辖区已经存在。本文的目的是批判性地回顾学生参与疫苗接种工作对公众健康影响的证据。
检索了PubMed、CINAHL、Cochrane数据库、EMBASE、国际药学文摘、Scopus和Web of Science电子数据库，以查找关于药学专业学生参与疫苗接种计划及其对公众健康影响的同行评审文献。纳入截至2015年11月17日的论文。两名评审员独立筛选标题和摘要，并从符合条件的全文文章中提取数据。
18篇标题符合所有纳入标准。所有研究均发表于2000年至2015年之间，大多数研究在美国进行（n = 12）。学生在社区诊所接种的疫苗剂量从109剂到15000剂不等。住院设施中疫苗接种率的提高幅度从18.5%到68%不等。在各项研究中，学生主导的教育干预提高了患者对疫苗和疫苗可预防疾病的了解。患者对学生免疫接种服务的满意度一直很高。
各项研究的方法差异很大。文献表明，药学专业学生可通过以下方式改善公众健康：1）增加疫苗接种剂量；2）提高疫苗接种率；3）增强现有疫苗接种工作的能力；4）提供有关疫苗和疫苗可预防疾病的教育；5）提供积极的免疫接种体验。
加拿大各地都有机会增加药学专业学生参与免疫接种工作的程度，并评估他们参与的影响。让学生更多地参与免疫接种计划可以提高接种率，并帮助加拿大人预防疫苗可预防疾病。
