University at Buffalo School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Buffalo, New York.
Editorial Board Member, American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, Arlington, Virginia.
Am J Pharm Educ. 2019 Jun;83(5):6765. doi: 10.5688/ajpe6765.
To determine the extent to which immunization is covered at US colleges and schools of pharmacy and to characterize what immunization- and vaccine-related content is taught. An invitation to complete a 23-question online survey instrument was sent to 128 accredited US pharmacy colleges and schools. Frequency and descriptive statistics were used to characterize the data, and the Fisher exact test was used to compare opportunities for students to engage in introductory and advanced pharmacy practice experiences (IPPEs and APPEs) at schools located in states that did or did not allow pharmacy students and interns to vaccinate. Eighty accredited US pharmacy schools responded to the survey (62.5% response rate). The APhA Pharmacy-Based Immunization Delivery Program was offered by 73 (91.3%) schools, while a different immunization certificate program was offered by 5 (6.3%) schools. Sixty-nine (86.3%) and 36 (45%) of the schools had integrated immunization topics into their required core curriculum (mean 8.4 contact hours) and elective curriculum, respectively. Of the 27 immunization-related topics identified, 23 (85.2%) were covered by at least 80% of schools. More than 80% of schools offered IPPEs and more than 90% offered APPEs that provided opportunities for students to engage in immunization-related activities. Schools located in states that permitted pharmacy students and interns to vaccinate more commonly offered immunization-related opportunities through IPPEs (86.5% vs. 0%) and APPEs (97.3% vs. 20%) than those schools in states that did not. Immunization curricula at US colleges and schools of pharmacy appear to align with ACPE standards, as well as the recommendations of the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy and the American College of Clinical Pharmacy. Furthermore, nearly all of the schools are using the APhA Program to do so.
确定美国药学院校的免疫接种覆盖程度，并描述教授的免疫接种和疫苗相关内容。
向 128 所美国认证药学院校发送了一份包含 23 个问题的在线调查工具邀请。使用频率和描述性统计来描述数据，并使用 Fisher 精确检验比较位于允许药剂学生和实习药师接种疫苗的州和不允许的州的学校为学生提供参与入门和高级药学实践经验（IPPE 和 APPE）的机会。
80 所经认证的美国药学院校对调查做出了回应（62.5%的回应率）。73 所（91.3%）学校提供了 APhA 基于药学的免疫接种交付计划，而 5 所（6.3%）学校提供了不同的免疫接种证书计划。69 所（86.3%）和 36 所（45%）学校将免疫接种主题纳入了必修核心课程（平均 8.4 个接触小时）和选修课程。在所确定的 27 个与免疫接种相关的主题中，至少有 80%的学校涵盖了 23 个主题。超过 80%的学校提供了 IPPE，超过 90%的学校提供了 APPE，为学生提供了参与免疫相关活动的机会。在允许药剂学生和实习药师接种疫苗的州，学校通过 IPPE（86.5%对 0%）和 APPE（97.3%对 20%）提供免疫相关机会的情况更为常见，而在不允许的州则不然。
美国药学院校的免疫接种课程似乎符合 ACPE 标准以及美国药学院协会和美国临床药学院的建议。此外，几乎所有的学校都在使用 APhA 计划来进行免疫接种教育。
