Bach Albert T, Goad Jeffery A
School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, California, USA.
Integr Pharm Res Pract. 2015 Jul 1;4:67-77. doi: 10.2147/IPRP.S63822. eCollection 2015.
Community pharmacy-based provision of immunizations in the USA has become commonplace in the last few decades, with success in increasing rates of immunizations. Community pharmacy-based vaccination services are provided by pharmacists educated in the practice of immunization delivery and provide a convenient and accessible option for receiving immunizations. The pharmacist's role in immunization practice has been described as serving in the roles of educator, facilitator, and immunizer. With a majority of pharmacist-provided vaccinations occurring in the community pharmacy setting, there are many examples of community pharmacists serving in these immunization roles with successful outcomes. Different community pharmacies employ a number of different models and workflow practices that usually consist of a year-round in-house service staffed by their own immunizing pharmacist. Challenges that currently exist in this setting are variability in scopes of immunization practice for pharmacists across states, inconsistent reimbursement mechanisms, and barriers in technology. Many of these challenges can be alleviated by continual education; working with legislators, state boards of pharmacy, stakeholders, and payers to standardize laws; and reimbursement design. Other challenges that may need to be addressed are improvements in communication and continuity of care between community pharmacists and the patient centered medical home.
在过去几十年里，美国社区药房提供免疫接种服务已变得司空见惯，并成功提高了免疫接种率。基于社区药房的疫苗接种服务由接受过免疫接种实践培训的药剂师提供，为接受免疫接种提供了一种方便且可及的选择。药剂师在免疫接种实践中的角色被描述为教育者、促进者和免疫接种者。由于大多数由药剂师提供的疫苗接种都在社区药房环境中进行，有许多社区药剂师担任这些免疫接种角色并取得成功结果的例子。不同的社区药房采用多种不同的模式和工作流程，通常包括由其自身的免疫接种药剂师配备的全年内部服务。目前在这种情况下存在的挑战包括各州药剂师免疫接种实践范围的差异、报销机制不一致以及技术障碍。通过持续教育；与立法者、州药房委员会、利益相关者和付款人合作以规范法律；以及报销设计，可以缓解许多这些挑战。可能需要解决的其他挑战是社区药剂师与以患者为中心的医疗之家之间在沟通和护理连续性方面的改进。
