Endo Takeshi
Chiba University, Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.
Regen Med. 2007 May;2(3):243-56. doi: 10.2217/17460751.2.3.243.
Degenerative muscular diseases, such as muscular dystrophies, have been the representative targets of regenerative cell therapy. Although satellite cells play central roles in skeletal muscle regeneration that intrinsically occurs after muscle injury, their application to cell therapy is confronted by difficulties. Other stem cells expected to be applicable to cell therapy include muscle-resident stem cells and nonmuscle-resident stem cells. Moreover, dedifferentiated cells of skeletal muscle might provide unique system for cell therapy. Terminally differentiated myotubes have plasticity of differentiation and dedifferentiate under certain experimental conditions, including the expression of SV40 large T antigen or the homeobox gene Msx1. The dedifferentiated cells exhibit multipotency to transdifferentiate into multiple mesenchymal origin cells. In addition, fibroblasts or undifferentiated myoblasts treated with a drug acquire multipotency. These cells may open new doors in cell therapy.
退行性肌肉疾病，如肌肉萎缩症，一直是再生细胞疗法的典型治疗对象。尽管卫星细胞在肌肉损伤后自然发生的骨骼肌再生中起着核心作用，但将其应用于细胞疗法却面临困难。其他有望应用于细胞疗法的干细胞包括肌肉驻留干细胞和非肌肉驻留干细胞。此外，骨骼肌的去分化细胞可能为细胞疗法提供独特的体系。终末分化的肌管具有分化可塑性，并在某些实验条件下发生去分化，包括SV40大T抗原或同源框基因Msx1的表达。去分化细胞表现出多能性，可转分化为多种间充质来源的细胞。此外，用药物处理的成纤维细胞或未分化的成肌细胞也获得了多能性。这些细胞可能为细胞疗法打开新的大门。
