Dannetun Eva, Tegnell Anders, Giesecke Johan
Department of Communicable Disease Control, Landstinget i Ostergötland, Linköping, Sweden.
BMC Public Health. 2007 May 21;7:86. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-7-86.
The World Health Organisation, WHO, recommends that most countries should vaccinate all children against hepatitis B. Sweden has chosen not to do so, but the issue is reassessed regularly. The objective of this survey was to assess knowledge and attitudes towards hepatitis B vaccine for children among parents living in Sweden, and to compare distribution of responses and response rate between parents answering a postal questionnaire and those responding via the Internet.
A population-based cross-sectional survey, where the sampling frame consisted of all parents to a child born 2002 living in Sweden. Two independent samples of 1001 parents in each sample were drawn. All parents were contacted by postal mail. The parents in the first sample were invited to participate by answering a paper questionnaire. The parents in the second sample were given an individual user name along with a password, and asked to log on to the Internet to answer an identical electronic questionnaire.
A total of 1229 questionnaires were analysed. The overall response rate for paper questionnaires was 55%, and 15% for the web version. Knowledge of the disease hepatitis B was overall high (90%). A higher degree of knowledge was seen among parents with education beyond high school (p = 0.001). This group of parents also had a higher tendency to reply via the Internet (p = 0.001). The willingness to accept hepatitis B vaccine for their child was correlated to the acceptance of the present childhood vaccination programme (p = 0.001).
The results reveal a high level of knowledge of the disease and a positive attitude to having their children vaccinated. This study also displays that the conventional postal method of surveying still delivers a higher response rate than a web-based survey.
世界卫生组织（WHO）建议大多数国家应为所有儿童接种乙肝疫苗。瑞典选择不这样做，但该问题会定期重新评估。本次调查的目的是评估瑞典父母对儿童乙肝疫苗的知识和态度，并比较回复邮寄问卷的父母与通过互联网回复的父母之间的回复分布和回复率。
一项基于人群的横断面调查，抽样框架包括2002年在瑞典出生的儿童的所有父母。每个样本抽取1001名父母组成两个独立样本。所有父母均通过邮寄方式联系。第一个样本中的父母被邀请通过回答纸质问卷参与调查。第二个样本中的父母被给予一个个人用户名和密码，并被要求登录互联网回答相同的电子问卷。
共分析了1229份问卷。纸质问卷的总体回复率为55%，网络版为15%。对乙肝疾病的总体知晓率较高（90%）。高中以上学历的父母知晓率更高（p = 0.001）。这组父母通过互联网回复的倾向也更高（p = 0.001）。父母愿意为孩子接种乙肝疫苗与对当前儿童疫苗接种计划的接受程度相关（p = 0.001）。
结果显示对该疾病的知晓率较高，且对孩子接种疫苗持积极态度。本研究还表明，传统的邮寄调查方法的回复率仍高于基于网络的调查。
