Zanesco Angelina, Antunes Edson
Department of Physical Education, Institute of Bioscience, University of Sao Paulo State (UNESP), Rio Claro (SP), Cep: 13506-900, Brazil.
Pharmacol Ther. 2007 Jun;114(3):307-17. doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2007.03.010. Epub 2007 Apr 21.
Physical exercise promotes beneficial health effects by preventing or reducing the deleterious effects of pathological conditions, such as arterial hypertension, coronary artery disease, atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer disease. Human movement studies are becoming an emerging science in the epidemiological area and public health. A great number of studies have shown that exercise training, in general, reduces sympathetic activity and/or increases parasympathetic tonus either in human or laboratory animals. Alterations in autonomic nervous system have been correlated with reduction in heart rate (resting bradycardia) and blood pressure, either in normotensive or hypertensive subjects. However, the underlying mechanisms by which physical exercise produce bradycardia and reduces blood pressure has not been fully understood. Pharmacological studies have particularly contributed to the comprehension of the role of receptor and transduction signaling pathways on the heart and blood vessels in response to exercise training. This review summarizes and examines the data from studies using animal models and human to determine the effect of exercise training on the cardiovascular system.
体育锻炼通过预防或减轻诸如动脉高血压、冠状动脉疾病、动脉粥样硬化、糖尿病、骨质疏松症、帕金森病和阿尔茨海默病等病理状况的有害影响，促进有益的健康效果。人体运动研究正在成为流行病学领域和公共卫生领域一门新兴的科学。大量研究表明，一般而言，运动训练可降低人体或实验动物的交感神经活动和/或增加副交感神经张力。自主神经系统的改变与心率降低（静息性心动过缓）和血压降低相关，无论是在血压正常者还是高血压患者中。然而，体育锻炼产生心动过缓和降低血压的潜在机制尚未完全明确。药理学研究对理解受体和转导信号通路在心脏和血管对运动训练反应中的作用尤其有帮助。本综述总结并审视了使用动物模型和人体进行的研究数据，以确定运动训练对心血管系统的影响。
