Lichtor J L, Zacny J, Apfelbaum J L, Lane B S, Rupani G, Thisted R A, Dohrn C, Korttila K
Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago, Illinois 60637.
Br J Anaesth. 1991 Nov;67(5):579-84. doi: 10.1093/bja/67.5.579.
Patients who arrive home several hours after outpatient surgery may drink alcohol. The extent to which residual drugs used in outpatient surgery interact with alcohol is not known. The purpose of this study was to determine if two i.v. drugs commonly used together in outpatient surgery, midazolam and fentanyl, have residual effects which would interact with alcohol drunk 4 h after injection. Twelve healthy male volunteers participated in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled and cross-over study. Subjects were studied four times successively with a period of 1 week between trials. On each day of testing, the subjects received randomly, by slow i.v. injection (30 s), either saline followed immediately by saline, or midazolam 0.1 mg kg-1 followed immediately by fentanyl 2 micrograms kg-1. Four hours after the injection, the subjects consumed a beverage which either did or did not contain alcohol 0.7 g kg-1. Before and 1, 3, 5 and 7 h after injection (and before and 1 and 3 h after consumption of beverage), psychomotor performance and mood were assessed. While both the combination midazolam-fentanyl and alcohol had independent effects on the dependent measures in this study, there was no interaction between midazolam-fentanyl and alcohol (no potentiating of effects of alcohol by i.v. sedation). We conclude that the effects of benzodiazepines and opioids that are short-acting and used in outpatient surgery have probably dissipated by the time a patient arrives home, and that effects from alcohol ingested at home will probably not be affected by recent administration of these drugs.
门诊手术后数小时才回家的患者可以饮酒。门诊手术中使用的残留药物与酒精相互作用的程度尚不清楚。本研究的目的是确定门诊手术中常用的两种静脉注射药物咪达唑仑和芬太尼是否具有残留效应，这些效应会与注射后4小时饮用的酒精发生相互作用。12名健康男性志愿者参与了一项双盲、随机、安慰剂对照的交叉研究。受试者连续接受4次研究，试验之间间隔1周。在每次测试日，受试者通过缓慢静脉注射（30秒）随机接受以下两种处理之一：先注射生理盐水，随后立即注射生理盐水；或者先注射0.1mg/kg的咪达唑仑，随后立即注射2μg/kg的芬太尼。注射后4小时，受试者饮用一种含有或不含0.7g/kg酒精的饮料。在注射前、注射后1、3、5和7小时（以及饮用饮料前、饮用后1和3小时），评估受试者的精神运动表现和情绪。虽然在本研究中咪达唑仑-芬太尼组合和酒精对相关测量指标均有独立影响，但咪达唑仑-芬太尼与酒精之间没有相互作用（静脉镇静不会增强酒精的作用）。我们得出结论，门诊手术中使用的短效苯二氮䓬类药物和阿片类药物的作用在患者回家时可能已经消散，在家中摄入酒精的影响可能不会受到近期使用这些药物的影响。
