Bergmann K E, Bergmann R L, Ellert U, Dudenhausen J W
Geburtsmedizin der Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, BRD.
Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2007 May-Jun;50(5-6):670-6. doi: 10.1007/s00103-007-0228-4.
KIGGS is a health survey on 17,641 children and adolescents in 167 communities representative for Germany, conducted between May 2003 and May 2006. Of the perinatal indicators, only a small proportion of data important for long-term outcomes was available for statistical analysis, and is presented here. In the past 20 years the mean weight gain during pregnancy has increased significantly by 2 kg, the mean birth weight has increased significantly by an average of 50 g, there has been no significant time trend for smoking and alcohol consumption in pregnancy. Birth weight and pregnancy weight gain of the mother correlate significantly. Pregnancy weight gain explains 5% of the birth weight in first-born infants. 17-18% of the mothers smoked during pregnancy, 4 times as many in the lower than the upper social class. 14% of the mothers consumed alcohol in pregnancy, but only 1% regularly. Only 5% of the migrants, but 3 times as many of the non-migrants consumed alcohol in pregnancy, and 2 1/2 times as many of the upper class compared to the lower class. With respect to smoking and alcohol consumption during pregnancy there seems to be an urgent need for political action.
德国儿童青少年健康访谈与检查调查（KIGGS）是一项针对德国167个具有代表性社区的17641名儿童和青少年开展的健康调查，于2003年5月至2006年5月期间进行。在围产期指标中，仅有一小部分对长期结局重要的数据可供统计分析，现呈现于此。在过去20年里，孕期平均体重增加显著，增加了2千克，平均出生体重平均显著增加了50克，孕期吸烟和饮酒情况无显著时间趋势。母亲的出生体重与孕期体重增加显著相关。孕期体重增加可解释头胎婴儿出生体重的5%。17% - 18%的母亲在孕期吸烟，社会阶层较低者吸烟人数是较高者的4倍。14%的母亲在孕期饮酒，但只有1%的母亲经常饮酒。只有5%的移民母亲在孕期饮酒，非移民母亲饮酒人数是移民母亲的3倍，社会阶层较高者饮酒人数是较低者的2.5倍。关于孕期吸烟和饮酒问题，似乎迫切需要采取政治行动。
