von der Lippe E, Brettschneider A-K, Gutsche J, Poethko-Müller C
Abteilung für Epidemiologie und Gesundheitsmonitoring, Robert Koch-Institut, General-Pape-Straße 62-66, 12101, Berlin, Deutschland,
Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2014 Jul;57(7):849-59. doi: 10.1007/s00103-014-1985-5.
Breastfeeding is the natural way of feeding infants in the first months of their lives and has been proven to have health benefits for both infants and mothers. Breastfeeding initiation and duration are affected by social, demographic and health factors. The aim of this study was to describe the current rates of breastfeeding initiation and duration in Germany, and to identify potential factors that underline these rates. Additionally, results are compared with the KiGGS basic (2003-2006; birth cohorts 1996-2002) study in order to reveal the development in the trends of breastfeeding initiation and duration in Germany. The KiGGS wave 1 (2009-2012) includes data on the breastfeeding behavior of mothers of 4410 children aged between 0 and 6 years (birth cohorts 2002-2012). Altogether, 82% (95% confidence interval 79.8-84.2 %) of children were ever breastfed, and the average breastfeeding duration was 7.5 months (7.2-7.8). There was a slight increase in the breastfeeding initiation in Germany over the last several years. Breastfeeding initiation among children aged 0-6 years increased by 4% points compared to 0- to 6-year-olds (birth cohorts 1996-2002) from the KiGGS basic study. The breastfeeding duration stayed unchanged. The breastfeeding behavior was mainly related to the age of the mother at birth, the mother's education level, smoking during pregnancy, and multiple or premature birth. Despite the overall increasing trend in breastfeeding initiation, there is still a growing need for breastfeeding promotion and support for young and less educated mothers, mothers who smoke during pregnancy, and also for mothers with premature babies or multiple births.
母乳喂养是婴儿出生后最初几个月的自然喂养方式，已被证明对婴儿和母亲都有益健康。母乳喂养的开始和持续时间受到社会、人口和健康因素的影响。本研究的目的是描述德国目前母乳喂养开始和持续的比率，并确定这些比率背后的潜在因素。此外，将结果与德国儿童青少年健康监测与促进项目基础研究（2003 - 2006年；出生队列1996 - 2002年）进行比较，以揭示德国母乳喂养开始和持续趋势的发展情况。德国儿童青少年健康监测与促进项目第一轮（2009 - 2012年）包含了4410名0至6岁儿童（出生队列2002 - 2012年）母亲的母乳喂养行为数据。总体而言，82%（95%置信区间79.8 - 84.2%）的儿童曾接受母乳喂养，平均母乳喂养持续时间为7.5个月（7.2 - 7.8个月）。在过去几年中，德国母乳喂养的开始率略有上升。与德国儿童青少年健康监测与促进项目基础研究中0至6岁儿童（出生队列1996 - 2002年）相比，0至6岁儿童的母乳喂养开始率提高了4个百分点。母乳喂养持续时间保持不变。母乳喂养行为主要与母亲生育时的年龄、母亲的教育水平、孕期吸烟以及多胞胎或早产有关。尽管母乳喂养开始率总体呈上升趋势，但对于年轻且受教育程度较低的母亲、孕期吸烟的母亲以及早产或多胞胎母亲，母乳喂养促进和支持的需求仍在增加。
