Gade Miriam, Koch Iring
Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.
Q J Exp Psychol (Hove). 2007 Jun;60(6):762-9. doi: 10.1080/17470210701268005.
Cognitive flexibility can be studied using the task-switching paradigm. This paradigm requires subjects to adapt behaviour to changing contexts as indicated by a cue. In our study, we addressed the question of how cue-based implementation of mental "task sets" occurs. We assumed that cues build up associations to the tasks that they indicate. These associations lead to retrieval of the associated task set once the cue shows up again. In three experiments, we tested this assumption using a negative transfer paradigm. First participants were exposed to one cue-task mapping. After a training phase, the cue-task mapping changed in either of two ways. Whereas one group of participants got new cues, the other experienced a reversal of the learnt cue-task mapping. Our results show that participants build up cue-task associations and that these formerly learnt associations can hamper the implementation of new cue-task mappings (particular with mapping reversal). Prolonged preparation time decreased the cost of changing the cue-task mapping but did not change the overall pattern of results.
认知灵活性可以通过任务切换范式进行研究。这种范式要求受试者根据提示，使行为适应不断变化的情境。在我们的研究中，我们探讨了基于提示的心理“任务集”是如何实现的这一问题。我们假设提示会与它们所指示的任务建立关联。一旦提示再次出现，这些关联会导致相关任务集的检索。在三个实验中，我们使用负迁移范式对这一假设进行了测试。首先，让参与者接触一种提示 - 任务映射。在一个训练阶段之后，提示 - 任务映射以两种方式之一发生了变化。一组参与者得到了新的提示，而另一组则经历了所学提示 - 任务映射的反转。我们的结果表明，参与者建立了提示 - 任务关联，并且这些先前学到的关联会阻碍新提示 - 任务映射的实现（特别是在映射反转时）。延长准备时间降低了改变提示 - 任务映射的成本，但没有改变结果的总体模式。
