Blackwood D H, Young A H, McQueen J K, Martin M J, Roxborough H M, Muir W J, St Clair D M, Kean D M
University Department of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Scotland.
Biol Psychiatry. 1991 Oct 15;30(8):753-69. doi: 10.1016/0006-3223(91)90232-b.
This study was designed to investigate whether auditory P300 event-related potential and smooth pursuit eye-movement abnormalities in schizophrenia are associated with brain structural changes measured using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Serial coronal MRI scans obtained from 31 schizophrenic subjects and 33 volunteer controls were analysed by a rater who had no knowledge of the subjects' diagnoses. The brain areas measured bilaterally were the temporal lobe, hippocampus, amygdala, parahippocampal gyrus, head of caudate, cingulate cortex, frontal cortex, and the lateral ventricles. The area of the third ventricle, the thickness of the corpus callosum, and the intracranial area were also measured. Auditory P300 and eye tracking performance were recorded on all subjects. There was a significant increase in the latency and a reduction in amplitude of the P300 in the schizophrenic group. Only in the schizophrenic group was P300 latency correlated negatively with the area of the right and left cingulate cortex and positively with the difference in size between the right and left amygdala. In the subgroup of schizophrenic subjects whose P300 latency was greater than 2 standard deviations above the control mean, the area of the left cingulate cortex was significantly smaller than in controls, and the absolute right-left difference in the area of the amygdala was significantly increased. Eye tracking dysfunction in schizophrenia was not related to changes in the amygdala or cingulate cortex but was significantly correlated with enlargement of the lateral ventricles. Schizophrenic subjects with poor eye tracking had significantly larger lateral ventricles than controls. Eye tracking dysfunction, but not P300 abnormality, was correlated with the severity of both positive and negative symptom of schizophrenia. These findings demonstrate that psychophysiological abnormalities are associated with altered brain structure in schizophrenia.
本研究旨在调查精神分裂症患者的听觉P300事件相关电位和平滑跟踪眼动异常是否与使用磁共振成像（MRI）测量的脑结构变化相关。由一名对受试者诊断不知情的评估者对31名精神分裂症患者和33名志愿者对照的系列冠状位MRI扫描进行分析。双侧测量的脑区包括颞叶、海马、杏仁核、海马旁回、尾状核头部、扣带回皮质、额叶皮质和侧脑室。还测量了第三脑室的面积、胼胝体的厚度和颅内面积。记录了所有受试者的听觉P300和眼动跟踪表现。精神分裂症组的P300潜伏期显著延长，波幅降低。仅在精神分裂症组中，P300潜伏期与左右扣带回皮质的面积呈负相关，与左右杏仁核大小差异呈正相关。在P300潜伏期高于对照均值2个标准差以上的精神分裂症患者亚组中，左侧扣带回皮质的面积显著小于对照组，杏仁核面积的绝对左右差异显著增加。精神分裂症患者的眼动跟踪功能障碍与杏仁核或扣带回皮质的变化无关，但与侧脑室扩大显著相关。眼动跟踪功能差的精神分裂症患者的侧脑室明显大于对照组。眼动跟踪功能障碍而非P300异常与精神分裂症的阳性和阴性症状严重程度均相关。这些发现表明，精神生理异常与精神分裂症患者脑结构改变有关。
