Hall Judith A, Schmid Mast Marianne
Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Emotion. 2007 May;7(2):438-46. doi: 10.1037/1528-3542.7.2.438.
In the empathic accuracy paradigm, perceivers make inferences about the naturalistically occurring thoughts and feelings of stimulus persons, and these inferences are scored for accuracy against the stimulus persons' self-reported thoughts and feelings. The present study investigated sources of accuracy in this paradigm by presenting the stimulus tape in several cue modalities (full video, audio, transcript, or silent video) and with differing instructions (infer thoughts and feelings, infer thoughts, or infer feelings). Verbal information contributed the most to accuracy, followed by vocal nonverbal cues. Visual nonverbal cues contributed the least, though still at levels above zero. When asked to infer feelings, perceivers appeared to shift attention toward visual nonverbal cues and away from verbal cues, and the reverse occurred when they were asked to infer thoughts. The study contributes to understanding of factors contributing to accuracy in the empathic accuracy paradigm.
在共情准确性范式中，感知者对刺激对象自然产生的想法和感受进行推断，并且这些推断会根据刺激对象自我报告的想法和感受来评定准确性。本研究通过以几种线索模态（完整视频、音频、文字记录或无声视频）呈现刺激录像带，并给出不同的指示（推断想法和感受、推断想法或推断感受），来探究该范式中准确性的来源。言语信息对准确性的贡献最大，其次是声音非言语线索。视觉非言语线索的贡献最小，不过仍高于零水平。当被要求推断感受时，感知者似乎会将注意力转向视觉非言语线索并远离言语线索，而当被要求推断想法时则会出现相反的情况。该研究有助于理解共情准确性范式中影响准确性的因素。
