Pickett Cynthia L, Gardner Wendi L, Knowles Megan
Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2004 Sep;30(9):1095-107. doi: 10.1177/0146167203262085.
To successfully establish and maintain social relationships, individuals need to be sensitive to the thoughts and feelings of others. In the current studies, the authors predicted that individuals who are especially concerned with social connectedness--individuals high in the need to belong--would be particularly attentive to and accurate in decoding social cues. In Study 1, individual differences in the need to belong were found to be positively related to accuracy in identifying vocal tone and facial emotion. Study 2 examined attention to vocal tone and accuracy in a more complex social sensitivity task (an empathic accuracy task). Replicating the results of Study 1, need to belong scores predicted both attention to vocal tone and empathic accuracy. Study 3 provided evidence that the enhanced performance shown by those high in the need to belong is specific to social perception skills rather than to cognitive problem solving more generally.
为了成功建立和维持社会关系，个体需要对他人的想法和感受保持敏感。在当前的研究中，作者预测，那些特别关注社会联系的个体——归属感需求较高的个体——在解读社会线索时会格外专注且准确。在研究1中，发现归属感需求的个体差异与识别语调及面部表情的准确性呈正相关。研究2在一个更复杂的社会敏感性任务（共情准确性任务）中考察了对语调的注意力和准确性。重复研究1的结果，归属感得分预测了对语调的注意力和共情准确性。研究3提供的证据表明，归属感需求较高者所表现出的表现提升特定于社会感知技能，而非更一般的认知问题解决能力。
