Park Sangtae
Department of Urology, University of Washington Medical Center, 1959 NE Pacific Ave., Box 356510, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2007 Jun;8(8):1117-25. doi: 10.1517/14656566.8.8.1117.
Kidney stones occur in approximately 10% of patients in their lifetimes, and > 10 crystal types have been reported in the literature. After treatment, a subset of these patients will have recurrent calculi, leading to significant morbidity and potential for serious chronic renal disease. Detailed metabolic evaluation is indicated in patients at high risk for stone recurrence, as a reversible metabolic abnormality can be identified in > 90% of them. Once the patient's underlying physicochemical and physiologic derangements are defined, targeted medical therapy can be initiated in order to prevent growth of pre-existing stones and new stone formation. In this report, the author provides a comprehensive review of the presently available selective and nonselective pharmacologic treatments for stones. Several exciting investigational pharmaceutical agents for kidney stone prevention are also discussed. Although many of these agents are effective, there remain clinical scenarios in which existing medicines are insufficient.
肾结石在大约10%的患者一生中会出现，文献中已报道超过10种晶体类型。治疗后，这些患者中的一部分会复发结石，导致严重发病，并有可能发展为严重的慢性肾病。对于结石复发高危患者，应进行详细的代谢评估，因为超过90%的此类患者可发现可逆的代谢异常。一旦明确了患者潜在的物理化学和生理紊乱，即可启动针对性的药物治疗，以防止已存在结石的生长和新结石的形成。在本报告中，作者全面综述了目前可用的针对结石的选择性和非选择性药物治疗方法。还讨论了几种用于预防肾结石的令人兴奋的研究性药物。尽管其中许多药物有效，但仍存在现有药物不足的临床情况。
