Coudrier Evelyne
Institut Curie, Centre de recherche, Paris, France.
Pigment Cell Res. 2007 Jun;20(3):153-60. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0749.2007.00376.x.
The actin network has been implicated in the intracellular transport and positioning of the melanosomes, organelles that are specialized in the biosynthesis and the storage of melanin. It contributes also to molecular mechanisms that underlie the intracellular membrane dynamics and thereby can control the biogenesis of melanosomes. Two mechanisms for actin-based movements have been identified: one is dependent on the motors associated to actin namely the myosins; the other is dependent on actin polymerization. This review will focus on to the role of the actin cytoskeleton and myosins in the transport and in the biogenesis of melanosomes. Myosins involved in membrane traffic are largely seen as transporters of organelles or membrane vesicles containing cargos along the actin networks. Yet increasing evidence suggests that some of the myosins contribute to the dynamics of internal membrane by using other mechanisms. The role of the myosins and the different molecular mechanisms by which they contribute or may contribute to the distribution, the movement and the biogenesis of the melanosomes in epidermal melanocytes and retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE) cells will be discussed.
肌动蛋白网络与黑素小体的细胞内运输和定位有关，黑素小体是专门用于黑色素生物合成和储存的细胞器。它还参与细胞内膜动态变化的分子机制，从而能够控制黑素小体的生物发生。已确定两种基于肌动蛋白的运动机制：一种依赖于与肌动蛋白相关的马达蛋白，即肌球蛋白；另一种依赖于肌动蛋白聚合。本综述将聚焦于肌动蛋白细胞骨架和肌球蛋白在黑素小体运输和生物发生中的作用。参与膜运输的肌球蛋白在很大程度上被视为沿着肌动蛋白网络运输细胞器或含有货物的膜泡的转运蛋白。然而，越来越多的证据表明，一些肌球蛋白通过其他机制对内膜动态变化有贡献。将讨论肌球蛋白在表皮黑素细胞和视网膜色素上皮（RPE）细胞中对黑素小体的分布、运动和生物发生所起的作用以及它们发挥作用或可能发挥作用的不同分子机制。
