Park Hyoungshin, Cannizzaro Christopher, Vunjak-Novakovic Gordana, Langer Robert, Vacanti Charles A, Farokhzad Omid C
Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
Tissue Eng. 2007 Aug;13(8):1867-77. doi: 10.1089/ten.2006.0198.
The burgeoning field of regenerative medicine promises significant progress in the treatment of cardiac ischemia, liver disease, and spinal cord injury. Key to its success will be the ability to engineer tissue safely and reliably. Tissue functionality must be recapitulated in the laboratory and then integrated into surrounding tissue upon transfer to the patient. Scaffolding materials must be chosen such that the microenvironment surrounding the cells is a close analog of the native environment. In the early days of tissue engineering, these materials were largely borrowed from other fields, with much of the focus on biocompatibility and biodegradation. However, attention has shifted recently to cell-cell and cell-surface interactions, largely because of enabling technologies at the nanoscale and microscale. Studies on cellular behavior in response to various stimuli are now easily realized by using microfabrication techniques and devices (e.g., biomedical microelectromechanical systems). These experiments are reproducible and moderate in cost, and often can be accomplished at high throughput, providing the fundamental knowledge required to design biomaterials that closely mimic the biological system. It is our opinion that these novel materials and technologies will bring engineered tissues one step closer to practical application in the clinic. This review discusses their application to cardiac, liver, and nerve tissue engineering.
再生医学这一新兴领域有望在治疗心脏缺血、肝脏疾病和脊髓损伤方面取得重大进展。其成功的关键在于能否安全可靠地构建组织。必须在实验室中重现组织功能，然后在移植到患者体内后与周围组织整合。必须选择支架材料，使细胞周围的微环境与天然环境极为相似。在组织工程的早期，这些材料大多借鉴其他领域，主要关注生物相容性和生物降解性。然而，最近注意力已转向细胞间和细胞表面相互作用，这主要得益于纳米级和微米级的使能技术。现在，通过使用微制造技术和设备（例如生物医学微机电系统），很容易实现对细胞对各种刺激反应行为的研究。这些实验具有可重复性且成本适中，并且通常可以高通量完成，提供了设计紧密模拟生物系统的生物材料所需的基础知识。我们认为，这些新型材料和技术将使工程组织向临床实际应用迈进一大步。本综述讨论了它们在心脏、肝脏和神经组织工程中的应用。
