Borenstein Jeffrey T, Weinberg Eli J, Orrick Brian K, Sundback Cathryn, Kaazempur-Mofrad Mohammad R, Vacanti Joseph P
Biomedical Engineering Center, Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
Tissue Eng. 2007 Aug;13(8):1837-44. doi: 10.1089/ten.2006.0156.
One of the principal challenges facing the field of tissue engineering over the past 2 decades has been the requirement for large-scale engineered constructs comprising precisely organized cellular microenvironments. For vital organ assist and replacement devices, microfluidic-based systems such as the microcirculation, biliary, or renal filtration and resorption systems and other functional elements containing multiple cell types must be generated to provide for viable engineered tissues and clinical benefit. Over the last several years, microfabrication technology has emerged as a versatile and powerful approach for generating precisely engineered scaffolds for engineered tissues. Fabrication process tools such as photolithography, etching, molding, and lamination have been established for applications involving a range of biocompatible and biodegradable polymeric scaffolding materials. Computational fluid dynamic designs have been used to generate scaffold designs suitable for microvasculature and a number of organ-specific constructs; these designs have been translated into 3-dimensional scaffolding using microfabrication processes. Here a brief overview of the fundamental microfabrication technologies used for tissue engineering will be presented, along with a summary of progress in a number of applications, including the liver and kidney.
在过去20年里，组织工程领域面临的主要挑战之一是需要大规模的工程构建体，这些构建体包含精确组织的细胞微环境。对于重要器官辅助和替代装置，必须生成基于微流体的系统，如微循环、胆道或肾过滤与重吸收系统以及包含多种细胞类型的其他功能元件，以提供可行的工程组织并带来临床益处。在过去几年中，微制造技术已成为一种通用且强大的方法，用于为工程组织生成精确设计的支架。诸如光刻、蚀刻、模塑和层压等制造工艺工具已被确立用于涉及一系列生物相容性和可生物降解聚合物支架材料的应用。计算流体动力学设计已被用于生成适用于微脉管系统和许多器官特异性构建体的支架设计；这些设计已通过微制造工艺转化为三维支架。在此将简要概述用于组织工程的基本微制造技术，以及包括肝脏和肾脏在内的一些应用的进展总结。
