Torkelson Eva, Muhonen Tuija, Peiró José Maria
Department of Psychology, Lund University, Sweden.
Scand J Psychol. 2007 Jun;48(3):261-70. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9450.2007.00561.x.
In the present study the nature of stress and coping was investigated and considered as socially constructed. Thirty small group interviews were performed using the Critical Incident Technique in one female- and one male-dominated customer service department of a telecom company. The main themes about stress among both women and men were often expressed as collective phenomena and were connected to the organizational change and downsizing process, problems when carrying out the work and lack of autonomy. However, a striking difference between female and male interviews was found in the way that women to a greater extent expressed lack of autonomy and their working situation was described as strictly regulated. The findings illustrate that a traditional gender difference regarding autonomy could be found when comparing a female- and a male-dominated department even though they were performing the same type of job. Both women and men portrayed coping as a mixture of collective and individual strategies. They often mentioned collective acceptance, resignation and hardening. There is a need for further research about women and men at work, taking into consideration the interpersonal context and the collective nature of stress and coping.
在本研究中，对应激和应对的本质进行了调查，并认为其是社会建构的。在一家电信公司的一个女性主导和一个男性主导的客户服务部门，运用关键事件技术进行了30次小组访谈。关于女性和男性压力的主要主题常常表现为集体现象，并且与组织变革和裁员过程、工作执行中的问题以及缺乏自主性有关。然而，在女性和男性访谈中发现了一个显著差异，即女性在更大程度上表达了缺乏自主性，并且她们的工作状况被描述为受到严格规范。研究结果表明，即使一个女性主导部门和一个男性主导部门从事相同类型的工作，在自主性方面仍能发现传统的性别差异。女性和男性都将应对描述为集体和个体策略的混合。他们经常提到集体接受、顺从和坚强。考虑到人际背景以及压力和应对的集体性质，有必要对职场中的女性和男性进行进一步研究。
