Forcato Cecilia, Burgos Valeria L, Argibay Pablo F, Molina Victor A, Pedreira María E, Maldonado Hector
Laboratorio de Neurobiología de la Memoria, Departamento de Fisiología y Biología Molecular y Celular, IFIBYNE-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Learn Mem. 2007 Apr 10;14(4):295-303. doi: 10.1101/lm.486107. Print 2007 Apr.
The reconsolidation hypothesis states that a consolidated memory could again become unstable and susceptible to facilitation or impairment for a discrete period of time after a reminder presentation. The phenomenon has been demonstrated in very diverse species and types of memory, including the human procedural memory of a motor skill task but not the human declarative one. Here we provide evidence for both consolidation and reconsolidation in a paired-associate learning (i.e., learning an association between a cue syllable and the respective response syllable). Subjects were given two training sessions with a 24-h interval on distinct verbal material, and afterward, they received at testing two successive retrievals corresponding to the first and second learning, respectively. Two main results are noted. First, the first acquired memory was impaired when a reminder was presented 5 min before the second training (reconsolidation), and also when the second training was given 5 min instead of 24 h after the first one (consolidation). Second, the first retrieval proved to influence negatively on the later one (the retrieval-induced forgetting [RIF] effect), and we used the absence of this RIF effect as a very indicator of the target memory impairment. We consider the demonstration of reconsolidation in human declarative memory as backing the universality of this phenomenon and having potential clinical relevance. On the other hand, we discuss the possibility of using the human declarative memory as a model to address several key topics of the reconsolidation hypothesis.
重新巩固假说认为，一段巩固的记忆在被提示呈现后，可能会在一段离散的时间内再次变得不稳定，并易于受到促进或损害。这种现象已在非常多样的物种和记忆类型中得到证实，包括运动技能任务的人类程序性记忆，但不包括人类陈述性记忆。在此，我们提供了在配对联想学习（即学习线索音节与相应反应音节之间的关联）中巩固和重新巩固的证据。让受试者在不同的语言材料上进行两次间隔24小时的训练，之后，在测试时他们分别接受了对应于第一次和第二次学习的两次连续检索。有两个主要结果值得注意。第一，当在第二次训练前5分钟呈现提示（重新巩固）时，以及当在第一次训练后5分钟而非24小时进行第二次训练（巩固）时，首次获得的记忆都会受到损害。第二，第一次检索被证明会对后来的检索产生负面影响（检索诱发遗忘[RIF]效应），并且我们将这种RIF效应的缺失用作目标记忆损害的一个指标。我们认为在人类陈述性记忆中重新巩固的证明支持了这一现象的普遍性，并具有潜在的临床相关性。另一方面，我们讨论了将人类陈述性记忆用作模型来解决重新巩固假说的几个关键主题的可能性。
