Landsberg B, Plachta-Danielzik S, Much D, Johannsen M, Lange D, Müller M J
Institut für Humanernährung und Lebensmittelkunde, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2008 Jun;62(6):739-47. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602781. Epub 2007 May 16.
To examine possible associations between active commuting (walking or cycling) to school, parameters of adiposity and lifestyle factors in 14-year-old adolescents of the Kiel Obesity Prevention Study.
A total of 626 14-year-old adolescents.
Measured body mass index (BMI), fat mass (FM), distance to school as well as self-reported modes and duration of commuting to school, time spent in structured and unstructured physical activities (PAs), media use, nutrition, alcohol consumption and smoking.
Parameters of adiposity did not differ between different commuting modes after stratifying by gender. Active commuters reported higher overall PA, which was caused by commuting activity and time spent in unstructured PA in girls and just by commuting activity in boys. In active commuters, 28.4% of overall PA was explained by commuting activity. Additionally, TV viewing was lower in active commuters. Compared to their inactively commuting counterparts, actively commuting boys were less likely to smoke. After controlling for potential confounders the interaction term 'active commuting by distance to school' and 'time spent in structured PA' were independent predictors of FM, whereas active commuting by itself showed no effect.
The present data suggest that active commuting to school per se does not affect FM or BMI until considering distance to school. Increasing walking or cycling distance results in decreasing FM. However, the everyday need to get to and from school may enhance adolescents' overall PA.
在基尔肥胖预防研究中，调查14岁青少年主动通勤（步行或骑自行车）上学与肥胖参数及生活方式因素之间的可能关联。
共626名14岁青少年。
测量体重指数（BMI）、体脂（FM）、上学距离以及自我报告的上学通勤方式和时长、在有组织和无组织体育活动（PA）中花费的时间、媒体使用情况、营养状况、饮酒和吸烟情况。
按性别分层后，不同通勤方式的肥胖参数无差异。主动通勤者报告的总体体育活动水平较高，这在女孩中是由通勤活动和无组织体育活动中花费的时间导致的，而在男孩中仅由通勤活动导致。在主动通勤者中，总体体育活动的28.4%可由通勤活动解释。此外，主动通勤者的电视观看时间较少。与非主动通勤的同龄人相比，主动通勤的男孩吸烟的可能性较小。在控制潜在混杂因素后，“按上学距离划分的主动通勤”与“在有组织体育活动中花费的时间”的交互项是体脂的独立预测因素，而主动通勤本身没有影响。
目前的数据表明，在考虑上学距离之前，主动通勤上学本身不会影响体脂或体重指数。增加步行或骑行距离会导致体脂降低。然而，每天上下学的需求可能会增加青少年的总体体育活动。
