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美国的转基因生物:实施情况、问题及公众认知

Genetically modified organisms in the United States: implementation, concerns, and public perception.

作者信息

Oeschger Max P, Silva Catherine E

机构信息

Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.

出版信息

Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol. 2007;107:57-68. doi: 10.1007/10_2007_051.

Abstract

We examine the state of biotechnology with respect to genetically modified (GM) organisms in agriculture. Our focus is on the USA, where there has been significant progress and implementation but where, to date, the matter has drawn little attention. GM organisms are the result of lateral gene transfers, the transfer of genes from one species to another, or sometimes, from one kingdom to another. The introduction of foreign genes makes some people very uncomfortable, and a small group of activists have grave concerns about the technology. Attempts by activists to build concern in the general public have garnered little attention; however, the producers of GM organisms have responded to their concerns and established extensive testing programs to be applied to each candidate organism that is produced. In the meantime, GM varieties of corn, cotton, soybean and rapeseed have been put into agricultural production and are now extensively planted. These crops, and the other, newer GM crops, have produced no problems and have pioneered a silent agricultural revolution in the USA.

摘要

我们研究了农业中与转基因生物相关的生物技术状况。我们关注的是美国,在那里已经取得了重大进展并进行了实际应用,但迄今为止,这个问题几乎没有引起关注。转基因生物是横向基因转移的结果,即基因从一个物种转移到另一个物种,有时甚至是从一个界转移到另一个界。外源基因的引入让一些人深感不安,一小群激进分子对这项技术忧心忡忡。激进分子试图在普通民众中引发担忧,但收效甚微;然而,转基因生物的生产者回应了他们的担忧,并建立了广泛的测试计划,应用于每一种生产出来的候选生物。与此同时,转基因玉米、棉花、大豆和油菜籽品种已投入农业生产,目前种植广泛。这些作物以及其他更新的转基因作物没有出现任何问题,在美国开创了一场悄无声息的农业革命。

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