Sanvido Olivier, Romeis Jörg, Bigler Franz
Agroscope Reckenholz-Tänikon Research Station ART, Reckenholzstr. 191, 8046, Zurich, Switzerland.
Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol. 2007;107:235-78. doi: 10.1007/10_2007_048.
The worldwide commercial cultivation of genetically modified (GM) crops has raised concerns about potential adverse effects on the environment resulting from the use of these crops. Consequently, the risks of GM crops for the environment, and especially for biodiversity, have been extensively assessed before and during their commercial cultivation. Substantial scientific data on the environmental effects of the currently commercialized GM crops are available today. We have reviewed this scientific knowledge derived from the past 10 years of worldwide experimental field research and commercial cultivation. The review focuses on the currently commercially available GM crops that could be relevant for agriculture in Western and Central Europe (i.e., maize, oilseed rape, and soybean), and on the two main GM traits that are currently commercialized, herbicide tolerance (HT) and insect resistance (IR). The sources of information included peer-reviewed scientific journals, scientific books, reports from regions with extensive GM crop cultivation, as well as reports from international governmental organizations. The data available so far provide no scientific evidence that the cultivation of the presently commercialized GM crops has caused environmental harm. Nevertheless, a number of issues related to the interpretation of scientific data on effects of GM crops on the environment are debated controversially. The present review highlights these scientific debates and discusses the effects of GM crop cultivation on the environment considering the impacts caused by cultivation practices of modern agricultural systems.
转基因作物在全球范围内的商业化种植引发了人们对使用这些作物可能对环境产生的不利影响的担忧。因此，在转基因作物商业化种植之前和期间，已对其对环境，尤其是对生物多样性的风险进行了广泛评估。如今已有大量关于当前商业化转基因作物环境影响的科学数据。我们回顾了过去10年全球试验性田间研究和商业化种植所获得的这一科学知识。该综述聚焦于目前可用于西欧和中欧农业的商业化转基因作物（即玉米、油菜和大豆），以及目前已商业化的两个主要转基因性状，即耐除草剂（HT）和抗虫（IR）。信息来源包括同行评审的科学期刊、科学书籍、转基因作物广泛种植地区的报告以及国际政府组织的报告。目前可得的数据并未提供科学证据表明当前商业化转基因作物的种植已造成环境危害。然而，一些与转基因作物对环境影响的科学数据解读相关的问题仍存在激烈争议。本综述突出了这些科学争论，并在考虑现代农业系统种植实践所造成影响的情况下，讨论了转基因作物种植对环境的影响。
