Krause Sascha M B, Näther Astrid, Ortiz Cortes Vilma, Mullins Ewen, Kessel Geert J T, Lotz Lambertus A P, Tebbe Christoph C
Thünen Institute of Biodiversity, Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries, Braunschweig, Germany.
Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Center for Global Change and Ecological Forecasting, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2020 Nov 3;8:603145. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.603145. eCollection 2020.
DNA modification techniques are increasingly applied to improve the agronomic performance of crops worldwide. Before cultivation and marketing, the environmental risks of such modified varieties must be assessed. This includes an understanding of their effects on soil microorganisms and associated ecosystem services. This study analyzed the impact of a cisgenic modification of the potato variety Desirée to enhance resistance against the late blight-causing fungus (Oomycetes) on the abundance and diversity of rhizosphere inhabiting microbial communities. Two experimental field sites in Ireland and the Netherlands were selected, and for 2 subsequent years, the cisgenic version of Desirée was compared in the presence and absence of fungicides to its non-engineered late blight-sensitive counterpart and a conventionally bred late blight-resistant variety. At the flowering stage, total DNA was extracted from the potato rhizosphere and subjected to PCR for quantifying and sequencing bacterial 16S rRNA genes, fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences, and genes encoding for bacterial nitrite reductases. Both bacterial and fungal communities responded to field conditions, potato varieties, year of cultivation, and bacteria sporadically also to fungicide treatments. At the Dutch site, without annual replication, fungicides stimulated abundance for all potatoes, but with significance only for cisgenic Desirée. In all other cases, neither the abundance nor the diversity of any microbial marker differed between both Desirée versions. Overall, the study demonstrates environmental variation but also similar patterns of soil microbial diversity in potato rhizospheres and indicates that the cisgenic modification had no tangible impact on soil microbial communities.
DNA修饰技术在全球范围内越来越多地应用于改善作物的农艺性能。在种植和销售之前，必须评估这些改良品种的环境风险。这包括了解它们对土壤微生物和相关生态系统服务的影响。本研究分析了对马铃薯品种德西蕾进行顺基因修饰以增强对晚疫病致病真菌（卵菌纲）的抗性，对根际微生物群落的丰度和多样性的影响。在爱尔兰和荷兰选择了两个试验田，在随后的两年里，将顺基因版本的德西蕾在有无杀菌剂的情况下，与其未进行基因工程的晚疫病敏感对照品种和一个常规培育的晚疫病抗性品种进行比较。在开花期，从马铃薯根际提取总DNA，并进行PCR以定量和测序细菌16S rRNA基因、真菌内部转录间隔区（ITS）序列以及编码细菌亚硝酸还原酶的基因。细菌和真菌群落对田间条件、马铃薯品种、种植年份都有反应，细菌偶尔也会对杀菌剂处理有反应。在荷兰的试验田，没有进行年度重复试验，杀菌剂刺激了所有马铃薯的丰度，但仅对顺基因德西蕾有显著影响。在所有其他情况下，两个德西蕾版本之间任何微生物标记的丰度和多样性都没有差异。总体而言，该研究表明了环境差异，但也表明了马铃薯根际土壤微生物多样性的相似模式，并表明顺基因修饰对土壤微生物群落没有实际影响。
