Bacci Leandro, Crespo André L B, Galvan Tederson L, Pereira Eliseu J G, Picanço Marcelo C, Silva Gerson A, Chediak Mateus
Department of Animal Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-000, Brazil.
Pest Manag Sci. 2007 Jul;63(7):699-706. doi: 10.1002/ps.1393.
Efficient chemical control is achieved when insecticides are active against insect pests and safe to natural enemies. In this study, the toxicity of 17 insecticides to the sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), and the selectivity of seven insecticides to natural enemies of this insect pest were evaluated. To determine the insecticide toxicity, B. tabaci adults were exposed to abamectin, acephate, acetamiprid, cartap, imidacloprid, malathion, methamidophos, bifenthrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, esfenvalerate, fenitrothion, fenpropathrin, fenthion, phenthoate, permethrin and trichlorphon at 50 and 100% of the field rate (FR), and to water (untreated control). To determine the insecticide selectivity, adults of Encarsia sp., Acanthinus sp., Discodon sp. and Lasiochilus sp. were exposed to abamectin, acephate, acetamiprid, cartap, imidacloprid, malathion and methamidophos at 50 and 100% FR, and to water. Groups of each insect species were exposed to kale leaves preimmersed in each treatment under laboratory conditions. Mortality of exposed individuals was recorded 24 h after treatment. Cartap and imidacloprid at 50 and 100% FR and abamectin and acetamiprid at 100% FR showed insecticidal activity to B. tabaci adults. Abamectin at 50 and 100% FR was the least insecticidal compound to the natural enemies Acanthinus sp., Discodon sp. and Lasiochilus sp. The present results suggest that abamectin at 100% FR may decrease B. tabaci field populations but can still be harmless to predators. Implications of these results within an integrated pest management context are discussed.
当杀虫剂对害虫有效且对天敌安全时，就能实现高效的化学防治。在本研究中，评估了17种杀虫剂对烟粉虱（Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius)）的毒性以及7种杀虫剂对该害虫天敌的选择性。为确定杀虫剂毒性，将烟粉虱成虫暴露于田间推荐剂量（FR）的50%和100%的阿维菌素、乙酰甲胺磷、啶虫脒、杀螟丹、吡虫啉、马拉硫磷、甲胺磷、联苯菊酯、氯氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯、高效氯氰菊酯、杀螟硫磷、甲氰菊酯、倍硫磷、稻丰散、氯菊酯和敌百虫中，以及暴露于水中（未处理对照）。为确定杀虫剂选择性，将恩蚜小蜂属（Encarsia sp.）、棘翅小蜂属（Acanthinus sp.）、盘背菱室姬蜂属（Discodon sp.）和宽唇姬蜂属（Lasiochilus sp.）的成虫暴露于田间推荐剂量（FR）的50%和100%的阿维菌素、乙酰甲胺磷、啶虫脒、杀螟丹、吡虫啉、马拉硫磷和甲胺磷中，以及暴露于水中。在实验室条件下，将每组昆虫暴露于预先浸泡在每种处理中的羽衣甘蓝叶片上。处理24小时后记录暴露个体的死亡率。田间推荐剂量（FR）的50%和100%的杀螟丹及吡虫啉，以及田间推荐剂量（FR）的100%的阿维菌素和啶虫脒对烟粉虱成虫具有杀虫活性。田间推荐剂量（FR）的50%和100%的阿维菌素对天敌棘翅小蜂属、盘背菱室姬蜂属和宽唇姬蜂属的杀虫活性最低。目前的结果表明，田间推荐剂量（FR）的100%的阿维菌素可能会减少田间烟粉虱种群数量，但对捕食性天敌仍可能无害。讨论了这些结果在综合害虫管理背景下的意义。
