Grundy P R
Plant Science, Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries, Locked Mail Bag 1, Biloela, Queensland 4715, Australia.
Bull Entomol Res. 2007 Jun;97(3):281-90. doi: 10.1017/S0007485307004993.
Helicoverpa spp. and mirids, Creontiades spp., have been difficult to control biologically in cotton due to their unpredictable temporal abundance combined with a cropping environment often made hostile by frequent usage of broad spectrum insecticides. To address this problem, a range of new generation insecticides registered for use in cotton were tested for compatibility with the assassin bug, Pristhesancus plagipennis (Walker), a potential biological control agent for Helicoverpa spp. and Creontiades spp. Indoxacarb, pyriproxifen, buprofezin, spinosad and fipronil were found to be of low to moderate toxicity on P. plagipennis whilst emamectin benzoate, abamectin, diafenthiuron, imidacloprid and omethaote were moderate to highly toxic. Inundative releases of P. plagipennis integrated with insecticides identified as being of low toxicity were then tested and compared with treatments of P. plagipennis and the compatible insecticides used alone, conventionally sprayed usage practice and an untreated control during two field experiments in cotton. The biological control provided by P. plagipennis nymphs when combined with compatible insecticides provided significant (P<0.001) reductions in Helicoverpa and Creontiades spp. on cotton and provided equivalent yields to conventionally sprayed cotton with half of the synthetic insecticide input. Despite this, the utilization of P. plagipennis in cotton as part of an integrated pest management programme remains unlikely due to high inundative release costs relative to other control technologies such as insecticides and transgenic (Bt) cotton varieties.
由于棉铃虫属害虫和盲蝽科害虫（如Creontiades属）在时间上的发生量不可预测，再加上频繁使用广谱杀虫剂往往使种植环境变得恶劣，因此在棉花田中很难对它们进行生物防治。为了解决这个问题，对一系列登记用于棉花的新一代杀虫剂进行了测试，以确定它们与刺蝽（Pristhesancus plagipennis (Walker)）的兼容性，刺蝽是棉铃虫属害虫和Creontiades属害虫的一种潜在生物防治剂。茚虫威、吡丙醚、噻嗪酮、多杀菌素和氟虫腈对刺蝽的毒性为低到中等，而甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、阿维菌素、硫丹、吡虫啉和氧乐果的毒性为中等至高。随后，在棉花的两个田间试验中，对与低毒杀虫剂相结合的刺蝽淹没式释放进行了测试，并与单独使用刺蝽、兼容杀虫剂、传统喷雾使用方法和未处理对照的处理进行了比较。当刺蝽若虫与兼容杀虫剂结合使用时，所提供的生物防治显著（P<0.001）减少了棉花上的棉铃虫属害虫和Creontiades属害虫，并提供了与传统喷雾棉花相当的产量，而合成杀虫剂的投入减少了一半。尽管如此，由于与杀虫剂和转基因（Bt）棉花品种等其他防治技术相比，淹没式释放成本较高，因此在棉花综合害虫管理计划中使用刺蝽仍然不太可能。
