Overton Kathy, Hoffmann Ary A, Reynolds Olivia L, Umina Paul A
Cesar Australia, 293 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
Pest and Environmental Adaptation Research Group, School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
Insects. 2021 Feb 22;12(2):187. doi: 10.3390/insects12020187.
Continued prophylactic chemical control to reduce pest populations in Australian grain farming systems has limited the effectiveness of biological control via natural enemies in crops within an integrated pest management (IPM) framework. While a variety of data is available to infer potential non-target effects of chemicals on arthropod natural enemies, much of it may be irrelevant or difficult to access. Here, we synthesise the literature relevant to Australian grain crops and highlight current knowledge gaps for potential future investment. A range of testing methodologies have been utilised, often deviating from standardised International Organization for Biological Control (IOBC) protocols. Consistent with findings from over 30 years ago, research has continued to occur predominantly at laboratory scales and on natural enemy families that are easily reared or commercially available. There is a paucity of data for many generalist predators, in particular for spiders, hoverflies, and rove and carabid beetles. Furthermore, very few studies have tested the effects of seed treatments on natural enemies, presenting a significant gap given the widespread global use of neonicotinoid seed treatments. There is a need to validate results obtained under laboratory conditions at industry-relevant scales and also prioritise testing on several key natural enemy species we have identified, which should assist with the adoption of IPM practices and decrease the reliance on broad-spectrum chemicals.
在澳大利亚谷物种植系统中，持续进行预防性化学防治以减少害虫数量，这限制了综合虫害管理（IPM）框架内通过天敌进行生物防治在作物中的有效性。虽然有各种数据可用于推断化学物质对节肢动物天敌的潜在非目标影响，但其中许多可能不相关或难以获取。在此，我们综合了与澳大利亚谷物作物相关的文献，并突出了当前潜在未来投资的知识空白。已经采用了一系列测试方法，这些方法常常偏离标准化的国际生物防治组织（IOBC）协议。与30多年前的研究结果一致，研究仍然主要在实验室规模以及针对易于饲养或商业可得的天敌类群进行。对于许多广食性捕食者，特别是蜘蛛、食蚜蝇以及隐翅虫和步甲，数据匮乏。此外，很少有研究测试种子处理对天敌的影响，鉴于新烟碱类种子处理在全球的广泛使用，这存在重大差距。有必要在与行业相关的规模上验证在实验室条件下获得的结果，并优先对我们确定的几种关键天敌物种进行测试，这将有助于采用IPM措施并减少对广谱化学物质的依赖。
