Holden R J
School of Humanities, Deakin University, Victoria, Australia.
J Adv Nurs. 1991 Nov;16(11):1375-81. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.1991.tb01567.x.
In this paper, the author proposes to consider the intricate interplay between the art and science of nursing. The caring role, intrinsic to the meaning of the word 'nurse' constrains nursing under the rubric of the arts, while nursing that embraces high technology constrains the discipline under the rubric of science. Thus, the traditional dichotomy that obtains between the arts and sciences seriously complicates the notion of nursing. As a science, nursing adopts the materialist theory of the mind that endorses the inseparability of mind and body. However, as an art, nursing is more closely aligned with dualist interactionism which considers the mind and body to be separate, interacting entities. Nursing is a caring profession, the mastery of which rests on the mastery of the therapeutic relationship which, in turn, implies mastery of holistic nursing care. While the concept of holism implies caring for the 'whole' person in body, mind and spirit, such acknowledgement of the mental and spiritual components of personhood, immediately invites the entry of dualism into our theoretical discourse. Thus, rejection of dualism consigns nursing to theoretical impoverishment and therapeutic emasculation. The contentious question is therefore: Is the theoretical destiny of nursing one of theoretical impoverishment, therapeutic emasculation, and permanent consignment to professional ignominy--and all for the sake of an inconvenient soul?
在本文中，作者提议探讨护理艺术与科学之间复杂的相互作用。“护士”一词含义中固有的关怀角色将护理归入艺术范畴，而包含高科技的护理则将该学科归入科学范畴。因此，艺术与科学之间传统的二分法使护理概念变得极为复杂。作为一门科学，护理采用唯物主义的心智理论，该理论认可身心不可分割。然而，作为一门艺术，护理更倾向于二元交互作用论，该理论认为身心是相互分离且相互作用的实体。护理是一个关怀性的职业，对其的掌握依赖于对治疗性护患关系的掌握，而这又意味着掌握整体护理。虽然整体论的概念意味着要关怀一个人的身体、心智和精神的“整体”，但对人格中精神和心理成分的这种认可，立刻就会使二元论进入我们的理论论述。因此，摒弃二元论会使护理陷入理论匮乏和治疗手段削弱的境地。所以，有争议的问题是：护理的理论命运是否会是理论匮乏、治疗手段削弱，并永远被归入职业耻辱——而这一切仅仅是为了一个难以处理的“灵魂”概念？
