Volbekiene Vida, Griciūte Ausra
Lithuanian Academy of Physical Education, Department of Physical Education, Kaunas, Lithuania.
Scand J Public Health. 2007;35(3):235-42. doi: 10.1080/14034940601160649.
Socioeconomic transformation over the previous decade may have created a less active lifestyle and a decline in fitness among Lithuanian children. The aim of this study was to analyse the differences in health-related fitness among 12-, 14-, and 16-year-old Lithuanian boys and girls from 1992 to 2002.
The height and weight of the children were measured, and the Eurofit test battery was used to analyse the children's fitness. For the analyses of differences, 2,009 children aged 12 (n = 697), 14 (n = 733), and 16 (n = 579) years were tested.
Boys and girls of all three age groups performed better in the sit and reach test (12.4-19.8%, p<0.001) and in the 20 m shuttle run test (30.0-46.0%, p<0.001) but did fewer sit-ups (3.5-7.3%, p<0.05) in 1992 compared with the results in 2002. The girls' performance was better in the long broad jump test (4.9-5.5%, p<0.001) in 1992 than in 2002. These differences were not significantly influenced by weight, body mass index (BMI), and "height+BMI".
There was a marked decrease in aerobic fitness and flexibility and a slight increase in abdominal muscle endurance among Lithuanian schoolchildren. Leg muscular power decreased slightly in girls but remained unchanged in boys. A decrease in daily physical activity is the most likely contributing factor to the decrease in aerobic fitness and flexibility and PE reform has not been able to compensate for this effect.
过去十年间的社会经济变革可能导致立陶宛儿童的生活方式变得不那么活跃，身体素质下降。本研究旨在分析1992年至2002年期间12岁、14岁和16岁的立陶宛男孩和女孩在健康相关身体素质方面的差异。
测量儿童的身高和体重，并使用欧洲体适能测试组合来分析儿童的身体素质。为了分析差异，对2009名12岁（n = 697）、14岁（n = 733）和16岁（n = 579）的儿童进行了测试。
与2002年的结果相比，所有三个年龄组的男孩和女孩在坐位体前屈测试（提高12.4 - 19.8%，p < 0.001）和20米往返跑测试（提高30.0 - 46.0%，p < 0.001）中的表现更好，但在仰卧起坐测试中做得更少（减少3.5 - 7.3%，p < 0.05）。1992年女孩在立定跳远测试中的表现比2002年更好（提高4.9 - 5.5%，p < 0.001）。这些差异不受体重、体重指数（BMI）和“身高 + BMI”的显著影响。
立陶宛学童的有氧适能和柔韧性显著下降，腹肌耐力略有增加。女孩的腿部肌肉力量略有下降，而男孩则保持不变。日常体育活动的减少最有可能是导致有氧适能和柔韧性下降的因素，体育教育改革未能弥补这种影响。
