Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2021 Sep;31(9):1853-1861. doi: 10.1111/sms.13981. Epub 2021 May 13.
Low physical fitness has been found to be associated with many chronic diseases and medical conditions. Knowledge of secular trends in physical fitness is important to initiate countermeasures for addressing negative trends. The aim of this study was to analyze secular trends in health-related muscular fitness in Slovenian children and adolescents between 1983 and 2014. Data were collected as part of "The Analysis of Children's Development in Slovenia (ACDSi)" study in 1983, 1993/94, 2003/04, and 2013/14. Anthropometry (body weight, height, BMI, and triceps skinfold) and muscular fitness (standing long jump, bent-arm hang, and sit-ups 60 s test) of 18730 (9168 female) students from primary and secondary schools were recorded. The secular trend was analyzed considering anthropometry. The results showed that anthropometric measures had an increasing trend and overall muscular fitness had a decreasing trend. Leg muscle power decreased over the decades in all age groups (relative difference between -1.5% and -2.6%), being more pronounced in boys. Arm muscle strength decreased in two younger age groups (range -21.1% to -42.7%, 6-10, and 11-14 years), but not in the oldest group (15-19 years), where the increase occurred in both genders (0.4% to 9.3%). In terms of decades, the largest negative changes (-30.1%) occurred from 1993/94 to 2003/04 and the smallest changes (-4.2%) from 2003/04 to 2013/14. The overall trend in repetitive core strength surprisingly increased (1.1% to 18.3%). There is a need to promote healthy lifestyles, raise parental awareness and use all government resources to redirect the negative trend in physical fitness.
身体活动能力低下与许多慢性疾病和医疗状况有关。了解身体活动能力的长期变化趋势对于采取措施应对负面趋势非常重要。本研究旨在分析 1983 年至 2014 年间斯洛文尼亚儿童和青少年健康相关肌肉力量的长期变化趋势。数据是作为“斯洛文尼亚儿童发展分析（ACDSi）”研究的一部分于 1983 年、1993/94 年、2003/04 年和 2013/14 年收集的。记录了来自小学和中学的 18730 名（9168 名女性）学生的人体测量学（体重、身高、BMI 和三头肌皮褶厚度）和肌肉力量（立定跳远、屈臂悬垂和 60 秒坐起测试）。从人体测量学的角度分析了长期变化趋势。结果表明，人体测量学指标呈上升趋势，整体肌肉力量呈下降趋势。几十年来，所有年龄段的腿部肌肉力量都在下降（相对差异为-1.5%至-2.6%），男孩更为明显。两个年龄较小的年龄组（6-10 岁和 11-14 岁）的手臂肌肉力量下降，但最大年龄组（15-19 岁）的手臂肌肉力量没有下降，男女两性的手臂肌肉力量都有所增加（0.4%至 9.3%）。从十年来看，最大的负向变化（-30.1%）发生在 1993/94 年至 2003/04 年，而最小的变化（-4.2%）发生在 2003/04 年至 2013/14 年。重复核心力量的总体趋势出人意料地增加了（1.1%至 18.3%）。有必要促进健康的生活方式，提高家长的认识，并利用政府的所有资源来扭转身体活动能力的负面趋势。
