Yé Yazoumé, Kimani-Murage Elizabeth, Kebaso John, Mugisha Frederick
African Population and Health Research Centre, Shelter Afrique Centre, Upper Hill, Nairobi, Kenya.
Malar J. 2007 May 26;6:71. doi: 10.1186/1475-2875-6-71.
Because of the belief that Nairobi is a low risk zone for malaria, little empirical data exists on malaria risk in the area. The aim of this study was to explore the risk of perceived malaria and some associated factors in Nairobi informal settlements using self-reported morbidity survey.
The survey was conducted from May to August 2004 on 7,288 individuals in two informal settlements of Nairobi. Participants were asked to report illnesses they experienced in the past 14 days. Logistic regression was used to estimate the odds of perceived-malaria. The model included variables such as site of residence, age, ethnicity and number of reported symptoms.
Participants reported 165 illnesses among which malaria was the leading cause (28.1%). The risk of perceived-malaria was significantly higher in Viwandani compared to Korogocho (OR 1.61, 95%CI: 1.10-2.26). Participants in age group 25-39 years had significantly higher odds of perceived-malaria compared to those under-five years (OR 2.07, 95%CI: 1.43-2.98). The Kikuyu had reduced odds of perceived-malaria compared to other ethnic groups. Individuals with five and more symptoms had higher odds compared to those with no symptoms (OR 23.69, 95%CI: 12.98-43.23).
Malaria was the leading cause of illness as perceived by the residents in the two informal settlements. This was rational as the number of reported symptoms was highly associated with the risk of reporting the illness. These results highlight the need for a more comprehensive assessment of malaria epidemiology in Nairobi to be able to offer evidence-based guidance to policy on malaria in Kenya and particularly in Nairobi.
由于人们认为内罗毕是疟疾低风险地区，该地区疟疾风险的实证数据很少。本研究的目的是通过自我报告的发病率调查，探索内罗毕非正规住区感知疟疾的风险及一些相关因素。
2004年5月至8月，对在内罗毕两个非正规住区的7288人进行了调查。参与者被要求报告他们在过去14天内经历的疾病。采用逻辑回归估计感知疟疾的几率。该模型包括居住地点、年龄、种族和报告症状数量等变量。
参与者报告了165种疾病，其中疟疾是主要病因（28.1%）。与科罗戈乔相比，维万达尼感知疟疾的风险显著更高（比值比1.61，95%置信区间：1.10 - 2.26）。25 - 39岁年龄组的参与者感知疟疾的几率显著高于5岁以下儿童（比值比2.07，95%置信区间：1.43 - 2.98）。与其他种族相比，基库尤族感知疟疾的几率较低。有5种及以上症状的个体比无症状个体的几率更高（比值比23.69，95%置信区间：12.98 - 43.23）。
疟疾是两个非正规住区居民感知到的主要病因。这是合理的，因为报告的症状数量与报告该疾病的风险高度相关。这些结果凸显了对内罗毕疟疾流行病学进行更全面评估的必要性，以便能够为肯尼亚特别是内罗毕的疟疾政策提供循证指导。
