Drost M
Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0136, USA.
Theriogenology. 2007 Aug;68(3):487-91. doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2007.04.023. Epub 2007 May 24.
Uterine torsion and vaginal prolapse are accidents of gestation; this paper first reviews the predisposition, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of uterine torsion, and the predisposition, pathogenesis, symptoms, treatment, and prognosis of vaginal prolapse during late gestation in the cow. Other noninfectious complications of gestation are either fetal or placental in origin. Two relatively unusual fetal problems, mummification and maceration, are also discussed, followed by a comparison of two hydropic conditions (hydrallantois and hydramnios). Hydrops allantois, primarily a placental problem, occurs about nine times more frequently than hydrops amnii, which is a result of fetal anomalies. Abnormal offspring syndrome is a more recent phenomenon associated with the transfer of IVF or SCNT embryos. Finally, reference is made to teratology in general and a website of illustrations is cited.
子宫扭转和阴道脱垂是妊娠期间出现的意外情况；本文首先综述牛妊娠后期子宫扭转的易患因素、症状、诊断和治疗，以及阴道脱垂的易患因素、发病机制、症状、治疗和预后。妊娠的其他非感染性并发症要么源于胎儿，要么源于胎盘。还讨论了两个相对不常见的胎儿问题，即胎儿干尸化和浸软，随后比较了两种积水情况（羊膜积水和羊水过多）。羊膜积水主要是胎盘问题，其发生频率比羊水过多高约九倍，羊水过多是胎儿异常的结果。异常后代综合征是一种与体外受精或体细胞核移植胚胎移植相关的较新现象。最后，总体提及了畸形学并引用了一个插图网站。
