Schok Michaela L, Kleber Rolf J, Elands Martin, Weerts Jos M P
Veterans Institute, Doorn, The Netherlands.
Clin Psychol Rev. 2008 Mar;28(3):357-65. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2007.04.005. Epub 2007 Apr 29.
The aim of this article is to review the scientific literature on making sense of war and peacekeeping experiences, and it includes an analysis of empirical studies that examine appraisals of military deployment experiences among veterans. Veterans reported more positive than negative effects in the studies of this review. Furthermore, construing positive meaning from war and peacekeeping experiences, especially related to combat exposure or high perceived threat, is associated with better psychological adjustment. More insight on "normal" psychological processing of stressful and traumatic experiences is obtained when the concept of meaning is used in research. This perspective emphasizes the perception of individuals and focuses on beliefs and attitudes in making sense of threatening events instead of pathologizing the response to trauma.
本文旨在回顾关于理解战争与维和经历的科学文献，其中包括对实证研究的分析，这些研究考察了退伍军人对军事部署经历的评价。在本次综述的研究中，退伍军人报告的积极影响多于消极影响。此外，从战争与维和经历中构建积极意义，尤其是与战斗暴露或高感知威胁相关的意义，与更好的心理调适有关。当在研究中使用意义概念时，可以获得对压力和创伤经历“正常”心理过程的更多洞察。这种观点强调个体的认知，关注在理解威胁性事件时的信念和态度，而不是将对创伤的反应病态化。
