Papas Mia A, Alberg Anthony J, Ewing Reid, Helzlsouer Kathy J, Gary Tiffany L, Klassen Ann C
Departmentof Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, 737 West Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
Epidemiol Rev. 2007;29:129-43. doi: 10.1093/epirev/mxm009. Epub 2007 May 28.
Obesity results from a complex interaction between diet, physical activity, and the environment. The built environment encompasses a range of physical and social elements that make up the structure of a community and may influence obesity. This review summarizes existing empirical research relating the built environment to obesity. The Medline, PsychInfo, and Web of Science databases were searched using the keywords "obesity" or "overweight" and "neighborhood" or "built environment" or "environment." The search was restricted to English-language articles conducted in human populations between 1966 and 2007. To meet inclusion criteria, articles had to 1) have a direct measure of body weight and 2) have an objective measure of the built environment. A total of 1,506 abstracts were obtained, and 20 articles met the inclusion criteria. Most articles (84%) reported a statistically significant positive association between some aspect of the built environment and obesity. Several methodological issues were of concern, including the inconsistency of measurements of the built environment across studies, the cross-sectional design of most investigations, and the focus on aspects of either diet or physical activity but not both. Given the importance of the physical and social contexts of individual behavior and the limited success of individual-based interventions in long-term obesity prevention, more research on the impact of the built environment on obesity is needed.
肥胖是由饮食、身体活动和环境之间复杂的相互作用导致的。建成环境包含一系列构成社区结构的自然和社会元素，可能会影响肥胖。本综述总结了将建成环境与肥胖联系起来的现有实证研究。使用关键词“肥胖”或“超重”以及“社区”或“建成环境”或“环境”对Medline、PsychInfo和科学网数据库进行了检索。检索仅限于1966年至2007年间在人群中开展的英文文章。为符合纳入标准，文章必须1）有体重的直接测量指标，以及2）有建成环境的客观测量指标。共获得1506篇摘要，20篇文章符合纳入标准。大多数文章（84%）报告建成环境的某些方面与肥胖之间存在统计学上显著的正相关。有几个方法学问题值得关注，包括不同研究中建成环境测量方法的不一致、大多数调查的横断面设计，以及对饮食或身体活动方面的关注但不是两者兼顾。鉴于个体行为的自然和社会背景的重要性以及基于个体的干预措施在长期预防肥胖方面的有限成效，需要更多关于建成环境对肥胖影响的研究。
