Ying Zhang, Ning Liu Dong, Xin Liu
Dept of Leisure Sports and Arts, Shanghai University of Sport, China.
J Phys Act Health. 2015 Apr;12(4):569-78. doi: 10.1123/jpah.2013-0126. Epub 2014 May 16.
Seldom studies are about the relationship between built environment and physical activity, weight, and health outcome in meso- and microscales.
1100 residents aged 46 to 80 were recruited from 80 neighborhoods of 13 selected communities of Shanghai, China. An analysis of the relationship between dependent variables (physical activity, Body Mass Index [BMI], overweight/obesity, weight, and health outcomes) and independent variables (involved a geographic-information-system-derived measure of built environment) was conducted with hierarchical linear models.
Street connectivity was positively associated with physical activity (P < .01). River proximity was inversely related with overweight/obesity (P = .0220). Parkland and square proximity have a significant relationship with physical activity (P = .0270, .0010), BMI (P = .0260, .0130), and overweight/obesity (P = .0020, .0470). Land-use mix was positively associated with physical activity (P < .01) and inversely associated with BMI (P = .0240) and overweight/obesity (P = .0440). Green and open spaces were positively related with BMI (P < .01) and health status (P < .01). For residential style, residents living in a village were more likely to have a lower BMI and overweight/obesity than those living in an urban old or newer residential building. The direct effect of square proximity is much stronger than the indirect effect on BMI through physical activity.
The findings can help planners build more pedestrian-friendly communities. They are also useful for creating interventions that are sensitive to possible environmental barriers to physical activity in older adults.
很少有研究探讨中观和微观尺度下建成环境与身体活动、体重及健康结果之间的关系。
从中国上海13个选定社区的80个邻里中招募了1100名年龄在46至80岁之间的居民。使用分层线性模型对因变量（身体活动、体重指数[BMI]、超重/肥胖、体重和健康结果）与自变量（涉及基于地理信息系统得出的建成环境测量指标）之间的关系进行了分析。
街道连通性与身体活动呈正相关（P <.01）。靠近河流与超重/肥胖呈负相关（P =.0220）。靠近公园和广场与身体活动（P =.0270，.0010）、BMI（P =.0260，.0130）以及超重/肥胖（P =.0020，.0470）存在显著关系。土地利用混合与身体活动呈正相关（P <.01），与BMI（P =.0240）和超重/肥胖（P =.0440）呈负相关。绿地和开放空间与BMI（P <.01）和健康状况（P <.01）呈正相关。对于居住类型，居住在村庄的居民比居住在城市老旧或新建住宅楼中的居民更有可能拥有较低的BMI和超重/肥胖率。靠近广场对BMI的直接影响远强于通过身体活动产生的间接影响。
这些发现有助于规划者建设更适合行人的社区。它们对于制定针对老年人身体活动可能存在的环境障碍的干预措施也很有用。
